Cystic Lung Disease

Lung diseases associated with cyst formation are not uncommon and include a wide spectrum of etiologies ranging from benign developmental anomalies to genetic disorders or acquired conditions. Cystic lung disease is one of the more common pathological findings in the pediatric population. Therefore, the approach of histological specimens always requires awareness of patient age and close correlation with clinical data, radiological imaging, and findings at surgery. This is particularly important for cases of developmental malformation in which knowledge of anatomy, bronchial and vascular supply are essential for correct diagnosis. Developmental cysts and cystic lesions are not only restricted to the pediatric age group but can stay clinically silent for a long time before they are recognized in adult patients either incidentally or because of late onset of symptoms. Nonetheless, in adults, cystic disease is more commonly associated with acquired conditions, such as emphysema or cystic neoplasms.