TY - JOUR
T1 - DNA damage response pathways in tumor suppression and cancer treatment
AU - Liang, Yulong
AU - Lin, Shiaw Yih
AU - Brunicardi, F. Charles
AU - Goss, John
AU - Li, Kaiyi
N1 - Funding Information:
Presented at the Molecular Surgeon Symposium on Personalized Genomic Medicine and Surgery at the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, April 12, 2008. The symposium was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R13 CA132572 to Changyi Chen).
PY - 2009/4
Y1 - 2009/4
N2 - Mammalian cells are frequently at risk of DNA damage from multiple sources. Accordingly, cells have evolved the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways to monitor the integrity of their genome. Conceptually, DDR pathways contain three major components (some with overlapping functions): sensors, signal transducers, and effectors. At the level of sensors, ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ATM-Rad3-related) are proximal kinases that act as the core sensors of and are central to the entire DDR. These two kinases function to detect various forms of damaged DNA and trigger DNA damage response cascades. If cells harbor DDR defects and fail to repair the damaged DNA, it would cause genomic instability and, as a result, lead to cellular transformation. Indeed, deficiencies of DDR frequently occur in human cancers. Interestingly, this property of cancer also provides a great opportunity for cancer therapy. For example, by using a synthetic lethality model to search for the effective drugs, ChK1 inhibitors have been shown to selectively target the tumor cells with p53 mutations. In addition, the inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) showed selectively killing effects on the cells with defects of homologous recombination (HR), particularly in the context of BRCA1/2 mutations. Since Brit1 is a key regulator in DDR and HR repair, we believe that we can develop a similar strategy to target cancers with Brit1 deficiency. Currently, we are conducting a high-throughput screening to identify novel compounds that specifically target the Brit1-deficient cancer which will lead to development of effective personalized drugs to cure cancer in clinic.
AB - Mammalian cells are frequently at risk of DNA damage from multiple sources. Accordingly, cells have evolved the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways to monitor the integrity of their genome. Conceptually, DDR pathways contain three major components (some with overlapping functions): sensors, signal transducers, and effectors. At the level of sensors, ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ATM-Rad3-related) are proximal kinases that act as the core sensors of and are central to the entire DDR. These two kinases function to detect various forms of damaged DNA and trigger DNA damage response cascades. If cells harbor DDR defects and fail to repair the damaged DNA, it would cause genomic instability and, as a result, lead to cellular transformation. Indeed, deficiencies of DDR frequently occur in human cancers. Interestingly, this property of cancer also provides a great opportunity for cancer therapy. For example, by using a synthetic lethality model to search for the effective drugs, ChK1 inhibitors have been shown to selectively target the tumor cells with p53 mutations. In addition, the inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) showed selectively killing effects on the cells with defects of homologous recombination (HR), particularly in the context of BRCA1/2 mutations. Since Brit1 is a key regulator in DDR and HR repair, we believe that we can develop a similar strategy to target cancers with Brit1 deficiency. Currently, we are conducting a high-throughput screening to identify novel compounds that specifically target the Brit1-deficient cancer which will lead to development of effective personalized drugs to cure cancer in clinic.
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U2 - 10.1007/s00268-008-9840-1
DO - 10.1007/s00268-008-9840-1
M3 - Review article
C2 - 19034564
AN - SCOPUS:62549090163
SN - 0364-2313
VL - 33
SP - 661
EP - 666
JO - World journal of surgery
JF - World journal of surgery
IS - 4
ER -