Donor Cell-Derived Acute Myeloid Leukaemia with 3q26.2 Involvement/MECOM Rearrangement ‐ A Case Report and Literature Review

Donor cell-derived leukaemia (DCL) is an uncommon complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). DCL might represent up to 5% of the post-HSCT disease relapses, but case numbers reported in the literature might underestimate the frequency. The leukemogenesis of DCL is not well understood due to the limited numbers of cases reported and lack of detailed molecular genetic information from recipients and donors. Although many theories have been proposed for leukemogenesis of DCL, the underlying molecular genetic mechanism are likely heterogeneous. Here we report a case of donor cell-derived acute myeloid leukaemia with 3q26.2 involvement/MECOM rearrangement and chromosome 20q deletion. We also reviewed the literature of previously described DCL cases, and we discussed the risk factors that might be important to the onset of DCL.