TY - JOUR
T1 - Early Socioemotional Intervention Mediates Long-Term Effects of Atypical Rearing on Structural Covariation in Gray Matter in Adult Chimpanzees
AU - Bard, Kim A.
AU - Hopkins, William D.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by National Institute of Health Grants NS-42867, NS-73134, and HD-60563 to W. D. Hopkins; RR-06158 and HD-07105 to K. A. Bard; and RR-03951 to R. B. Swenson, and by Office of Research Infrastructure Programs Grant OD P51OD11132 (RR-00165) to Yerkes National Primate Research Center.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, © The Author(s) 2018.
PY - 2018/4/1
Y1 - 2018/4/1
N2 - Atypical rearing has deleterious effects on chimpanzee behavior during development, some of which can be ameliorated with a responsive care intervention (RCI). Here, we obtained in vivo magnetic resonance images of adult brains of 27 chimpanzees given institutional care, with and without RCI, and compared them with those of 16 chimpanzees mother-reared from birth. We found significant long-term rearing effects on structural covariation and gray matter volume, specifically in the basal forebrain (i.e., caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, rectus gyrus, and orbital prefrontal cortex), indicating that RCI prevented brain changes due to atypical rearing. A significant correlation between covariation in these brain areas and caregiver nurturing, experienced in the first month of life, suggests a possible developmental mechanism for the effect of early experience on brain networks. We identified an early intervention that prevents changes in the basal forebrain that otherwise emerge as a consequence of institutionalized rearing without species-typical socioemotional experiences.
AB - Atypical rearing has deleterious effects on chimpanzee behavior during development, some of which can be ameliorated with a responsive care intervention (RCI). Here, we obtained in vivo magnetic resonance images of adult brains of 27 chimpanzees given institutional care, with and without RCI, and compared them with those of 16 chimpanzees mother-reared from birth. We found significant long-term rearing effects on structural covariation and gray matter volume, specifically in the basal forebrain (i.e., caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, rectus gyrus, and orbital prefrontal cortex), indicating that RCI prevented brain changes due to atypical rearing. A significant correlation between covariation in these brain areas and caregiver nurturing, experienced in the first month of life, suggests a possible developmental mechanism for the effect of early experience on brain networks. We identified an early intervention that prevents changes in the basal forebrain that otherwise emerge as a consequence of institutionalized rearing without species-typical socioemotional experiences.
KW - brain
KW - great apes
KW - institutionalization
KW - nurturing experiences
KW - source-based morphometry
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U2 - 10.1177/0956797617740685
DO - 10.1177/0956797617740685
M3 - Article
C2 - 29381427
AN - SCOPUS:85043478645
SN - 0956-7976
VL - 29
SP - 594
EP - 603
JO - Psychological Science
JF - Psychological Science
IS - 4
ER -