Fiber optic confocal reflectance microscopy: A new real-time technique to view nuclear morphology in cervical squamous epithelium in vivo

We present a fiber optic confocal reflectance microscope (FCRM) which can be used to image epithelial tissue with sub-cellular resolution in vivo. Confocal images of normal and abnormal appearing cervical tissue were obtained in vivo from eighteen patients undergoing colposcopic examination of the cervix; biopsy specimens were taken from imaged sites. The measured lateral and axial resolutions of the system were 1.6 μm and 3 μm, respectively. Morphologic features, including nuclear size and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, were extracted from confocal images obtained at various depths beneath the epithelial surface. Image features extracted from confocal images compared well with features extracted from confocal images obtained in vitro and from previous histopathologic studies. This study shows that fiber optic confocal reflectance microscopy can be used to visualize the morphology of cervical epithelium in vivo.