@article{7ef51749aed547169ccf93d89b5c01f5,
title = "From inflammation to sickness and depression: When the immune system subjugates the brain",
abstract = "In response to a peripheral infection, innate immune cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that act on the brain to cause sickness behaviour. When activation of the peripheral immune system continues unabated, such as during systemic infections, cancer or autoimmune diseases, the ensuing immune signalling to the brain can lead to an exacerbation of sickness and the development of symptoms of depression in vulnerable individuals. These phenomena might account for the increased prevalence of clinical depression in physically ill people. Inflammation is therefore an important biological event that might increase the risk of major depressive episodes, much like the more traditional psychosocial factors.",
author = "Robert Dantzer and O'Connor, {Jason C.} and Freund, {Gregory G.} and Johnson, {Rodney W.} and Kelley, {Keith W.}",
note = "Funding Information: stress-activated protein kinases. J. Neurosci. 20, 6811–6819 (2000). 105. Sweller, J. Cognitive load during problem solving: effects on learning. Cognitive Sci. 12, 257–285 (1988). 106. Blum, D., Chtarto, A., Tenenbaum, L., Brotchi, J. & Levivier, M. Clinical potential of minocycline for neurodegenerative disorders. Neurobiol. Dis. 17, 359–366 (2004). Acnowledgements The authors{\textquoteright} work described here is supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). R.D. (R01 MH 079829 and R01 MH 71349), K.W.K. (R01 MH 51569 and R01 AG 029573) R.W.J. (R01 AG 023580, AG 0616710, MH 069148 and R21 DA 024443) and G.G.F (R01 DK 064862). The authors thank R. -M. Bluthe, N. Castanon, S. Laye, P. Parnet, J. P. Konsman, J. Lestage, L. Capuron, C. Dantzer and their Ph.D. students for their valuable contribution to many of the results and concepts presented in this Review.",
year = "2008",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1038/nrn2297",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
pages = "46--56",
journal = "Nature Reviews Neuroscience",
issn = "1471-003X",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}