TY - JOUR
T1 - Functional Outcomes and Social Attainment in Asian/ Pacific Islander Childhood Cancer Survivors in the United States
T2 - A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
AU - Sato, Satomi
AU - Li, Nan
AU - Dixon, Stephanie B.
AU - Kato, Miho
AU - Zhang, Hui
AU - Li, Chi Kong
AU - Howell, Rebecca M.
AU - Leisenring, Wendy M.
AU - Bhatia, Smita
AU - Oeffinger, Kevin C.
AU - Armstrong, Gregory T.
AU - Yasui, Yutaka
AU - Krull, Kevin R.
AU - Cheung, Yin Ting
N1 - Funding Information:
W.M. Leisenring reports grants from NIH during the conduct of the study. G.T. Armstrong reports grants from NIH during the conduct of the study. K.R. Krull reports grants from National Cancer Institute during the conduct of the study. No disclosures were reported by the other authors.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the NCI (CA55727, G.T. Armstrong, Principal Investigator). Support to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital was also provided by the Cancer Center Support (CORE) grant (CA21765, C. Roberts, Principal Investigator) and the American Lebanese-Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Association for Cancer Research
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - Background: Given the relatively small population of Asians or Pacific Islanders (API) in the United States, studies describing long-term outcomes in API survivors of childhood cancer are limited. This study compared functional outcomes between API versus non-Hispanic White (NHW) survivors. Methods: This study included 203 API 5-year survivors [age at follow-up: 29.2 (SD = 6.3) years] and 12,186 NHW survivors [age at follow-up 31.5 (SD = 7.3) years] from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Self-reported functional outcomes of neurocognitive function, emotional distress, quality of life, and social attainment were compared between the two groups using multivariable regression, adjusted for sex, age at diagnosis and evaluation, cancer diagnosis, and neurotoxic treatment. Results: No statistically significant race/ethnicity-based differences were identified in neurocognitive and emotional measures. API survivors reported, on average, less bodily pain than NHW survivors [mean 54.11 (SD = 8.98) vs. 51.32 (SD = 10.12); P < 0.001]. NHW survivors were less likely to have attained at least a college degree than API survivors [OR = 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34–0.73]. API survivors were more likely than NHW survivors to be never-married (OR = 2.83; 95% CI = 1.93–4.13) and to live dependently (OR = 3.10; 95% CI = 2.02–4.74). Older age (>45 years), brain tumor diagnosis, and higher cranial radiation dose were associated with poorer functional outcomes in API survivors (all, P < 0.05). Conclusions: We observed differences in social attainment between API and NHW survivors, although statistically significant differences in neurocognitive and emotional outcomes were not identified. Impact: Future studies should evaluate whether racial/ethnic differences in environmental and sociocultural factors may have differential effects on health and functional outcomes.
AB - Background: Given the relatively small population of Asians or Pacific Islanders (API) in the United States, studies describing long-term outcomes in API survivors of childhood cancer are limited. This study compared functional outcomes between API versus non-Hispanic White (NHW) survivors. Methods: This study included 203 API 5-year survivors [age at follow-up: 29.2 (SD = 6.3) years] and 12,186 NHW survivors [age at follow-up 31.5 (SD = 7.3) years] from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Self-reported functional outcomes of neurocognitive function, emotional distress, quality of life, and social attainment were compared between the two groups using multivariable regression, adjusted for sex, age at diagnosis and evaluation, cancer diagnosis, and neurotoxic treatment. Results: No statistically significant race/ethnicity-based differences were identified in neurocognitive and emotional measures. API survivors reported, on average, less bodily pain than NHW survivors [mean 54.11 (SD = 8.98) vs. 51.32 (SD = 10.12); P < 0.001]. NHW survivors were less likely to have attained at least a college degree than API survivors [OR = 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34–0.73]. API survivors were more likely than NHW survivors to be never-married (OR = 2.83; 95% CI = 1.93–4.13) and to live dependently (OR = 3.10; 95% CI = 2.02–4.74). Older age (>45 years), brain tumor diagnosis, and higher cranial radiation dose were associated with poorer functional outcomes in API survivors (all, P < 0.05). Conclusions: We observed differences in social attainment between API and NHW survivors, although statistically significant differences in neurocognitive and emotional outcomes were not identified. Impact: Future studies should evaluate whether racial/ethnic differences in environmental and sociocultural factors may have differential effects on health and functional outcomes.
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U2 - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0628
DO - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0628
M3 - Article
C2 - 34607839
AN - SCOPUS:85121671471
SN - 1055-9965
VL - 30
SP - 2244
EP - 2255
JO - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
JF - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
IS - 12
ER -