TY - JOUR
T1 - Genome-wide association study in alopecia areata implicates both innate and adaptive immunity
AU - Petukhova, Lynn
AU - Duvic, Madeleine
AU - Hordinsky, Maria
AU - Norris, David
AU - Price, Vera
AU - Shimomura, Yutaka
AU - Kim, Hyunmi
AU - Singh, Pallavi
AU - Lee, Annette
AU - Chen, Wei V.
AU - Meyer, Katja C.
AU - Paus, Ralf
AU - Jahoda, Colin A.B.
AU - Amos, Christopher I.
AU - Gregersen, Peter K.
AU - Christiano, Angela M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements We thank the many patients and their family members who participated in the National Alopecia Areata Registry from which the patient cohort was derived; S. Schwartz, D. A. Greenberg, S. E. Hodge, R. Ottman, K. Kiryluk, J. Lee, J. D. Terwilliger and R. Plenge for discussions about statistical methodology; A. Bowcock, M. Girardi, R. Clark, J. Trowsdale, R. Clynes, S. Ghosh and R. Bernstein for critical insights and perspectives on genetics, hair and immunobiology; C. Higgins, M. Kurban, M. Kiuru, H. Lam and M. Zhang for expert assistance in the laboratory; A. Martinez-Mir, M. Peacocke, A. Zlotogorski, M. Grossman, P. Schneiderman, D. Gordon and J. Ott for their critical input in the early phases of this study. We are grateful to the National Alopecia Areata Foundation (NAAF) for support of funding the initial studies, and to V. Kalabokes and her staff at NAAF for their efforts on our behalf. The patient cohort was collected and maintained by the National Alopecia Areata Registry (N01AR62279) (to M.D.). This work was supported in part by the DFG Cluster of Excellence, Inflammation at Interfaces (to R.P.) and by the National Institutes of Health grants R01AR44422 (to C.I.A. and P.K.G.), R01CA133996 and P30CA016772 (to C.I.A.) and R01AR52579 and R01AR56016 (to A.M.C.).
PY - 2010/7/1
Y1 - 2010/7/1
N2 - Alopecia areata (AA) is among the most highly prevalent human autoimmune diseases, leading to disfiguring hair loss due to the collapse of immune privilege of the hair follicle and subsequent autoimmune attack. The genetic basis of AA is largely unknown. We undertook a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a sample of 1,054 cases and 3,278 controls and identified 139 single nucleotide polymorphisms that are significantly associated with AA (P≥ 5 × 10-7). Here we show an association with genomic regions containing several genes controlling the activation and proliferation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), interleukin (IL)-2/IL-21, IL-2 receptor A (IL-2RA; CD25) and Eos (also known as Ikaros family zinc finger 4; IKZF4), as well as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. We also find association evidence for regions containing genes expressed in the hair follicle itself (PRDX5 and STX17). A region of strong association resides within the ULBP (cytomegalovirus UL16-binding protein) gene cluster on chromosome 6q25.1, encoding activating ligands of the natural killer cell receptor NKG2D that have not previously been implicated in an autoimmune disease. By probing the role of ULBP3 in disease pathogenesis, we also show that its expression in lesional scalp from patients with AA is markedly upregulated in the hair follicle dermal sheath during active disease. This study provides evidence for the involvement of both innate and acquired immunity in the pathogenesis of AA. We have defined the genetic underpinnings of AA, placing it within the context of shared pathways among autoimmune diseases, and implicating a novel disease mechanism, the upregulation of ULBP ligands, in triggering autoimmunity.
AB - Alopecia areata (AA) is among the most highly prevalent human autoimmune diseases, leading to disfiguring hair loss due to the collapse of immune privilege of the hair follicle and subsequent autoimmune attack. The genetic basis of AA is largely unknown. We undertook a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a sample of 1,054 cases and 3,278 controls and identified 139 single nucleotide polymorphisms that are significantly associated with AA (P≥ 5 × 10-7). Here we show an association with genomic regions containing several genes controlling the activation and proliferation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), interleukin (IL)-2/IL-21, IL-2 receptor A (IL-2RA; CD25) and Eos (also known as Ikaros family zinc finger 4; IKZF4), as well as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. We also find association evidence for regions containing genes expressed in the hair follicle itself (PRDX5 and STX17). A region of strong association resides within the ULBP (cytomegalovirus UL16-binding protein) gene cluster on chromosome 6q25.1, encoding activating ligands of the natural killer cell receptor NKG2D that have not previously been implicated in an autoimmune disease. By probing the role of ULBP3 in disease pathogenesis, we also show that its expression in lesional scalp from patients with AA is markedly upregulated in the hair follicle dermal sheath during active disease. This study provides evidence for the involvement of both innate and acquired immunity in the pathogenesis of AA. We have defined the genetic underpinnings of AA, placing it within the context of shared pathways among autoimmune diseases, and implicating a novel disease mechanism, the upregulation of ULBP ligands, in triggering autoimmunity.
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77954223152&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/nature09114
DO - 10.1038/nature09114
M3 - Article
C2 - 20596022
AN - SCOPUS:77954223152
SN - 0028-0836
VL - 466
SP - 113
EP - 117
JO - Nature
JF - Nature
IS - 7302
ER -