Glomerular function, structure, and number in renal allografts from older deceased donors

The 5-yr survival rate of renal allografts is significantly lower for grafts from older deceased donors than from younger deceased donors. For evaluation of the potential contribution of renal senescence in this shortened graft survival, glomerular function and structure were analyzed in allografts from deceased donors older than 55 yr ("aging") or younger than 40 yr ("youthful"). Aging donors had a significantly higher prevalence of sclerotic glomeruli (P < 0.002), and their nonsclerotic glomeruli tended to be larger, had a larger filtration surface area (P = 0.02), and had a higher single-nephron ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf; P = 0.07), suggesting a compensatory response to functional loss of glomeruli. After serum creatinine reached a stable nadir in the transplant recipients, GFR and its hemodynamic determinants were evaluated and the whole allograft K_f was computed. Compared with the allografts from youthful donors, allografts from aging donors exhibited a 32% lower GFR, which was exclusively attributable to a 45% reduction in allograft K_f (both P < 0.001). In addition, the number of functioning glomeruli per allograft was profoundly lower in grafts from aging donors than from youthful donors (3.6 ± 2.1 × 10⁵ versus 8.5 ± 3.4 × 10⁵; P < 0.01), and this could not be explained by the relatively modest 17% prevalence of global glomerulosclerosis in the aging group. The marked reduction in overall glomerular number in many aging donors may lead to a "remnant kidney" phenomenon, potentially explaining the shorter mean survival of these allografts.