TY - JOUR
T1 - Glucose regulated protein 78
T2 - A critical link between tumor microenvironment and cancer hallmarks
AU - Li, Zongwei
AU - Li, Zhuoyu
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31040018 , No. 81150026 ), Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20111401110011) Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (2010–2012) and Shanxi International Cooperation Project . We wish to thank Dr. Enmin Zou of the Department of Biological Sciences of Nicholls State University, USA, for improving the readability of the manuscript.
PY - 2012/8
Y1 - 2012/8
N2 - Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) has long been recognized as a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and can be induced by the ER stress response. Besides its location in the ER, GRP78 has been found to be present in cell plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus as well as cellular secretions. GRP78 is implicated in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance, immune escape, metastasis and angiogenesis, and its elevated expression usually correlates with a variety of tumor microenvironmental stresses, including hypoxia, glucose deprivation, lactic acidosis and inflammatory response. GRP78 protein acts as a centrally located sensor of stress, which feels and adapts to the alteration in the tumor microenvironment. This article reviews the potential contributions of GRP78 to the acquisition of cancer hallmarks based on intervening in stress responses caused by tumor niche alterations. The paper also introduces several potential GRP78 relevant targeted therapies.
AB - Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) has long been recognized as a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and can be induced by the ER stress response. Besides its location in the ER, GRP78 has been found to be present in cell plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus as well as cellular secretions. GRP78 is implicated in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance, immune escape, metastasis and angiogenesis, and its elevated expression usually correlates with a variety of tumor microenvironmental stresses, including hypoxia, glucose deprivation, lactic acidosis and inflammatory response. GRP78 protein acts as a centrally located sensor of stress, which feels and adapts to the alteration in the tumor microenvironment. This article reviews the potential contributions of GRP78 to the acquisition of cancer hallmarks based on intervening in stress responses caused by tumor niche alterations. The paper also introduces several potential GRP78 relevant targeted therapies.
KW - Cancer hallmarks
KW - Glucose regulated protein 78
KW - Microenvironment
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U2 - 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.02.001
DO - 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.02.001
M3 - Review article
C2 - 22426159
AN - SCOPUS:84859112544
SN - 0304-419X
VL - 1826
SP - 13
EP - 22
JO - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Reviews on Cancer
JF - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Reviews on Cancer
IS - 1
ER -