Human cancers: The interplay between protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs

George A. Calin

doi:10.21614/jtmr-21-3-90

Human cancers: The interplay between protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) dramatically changed the understanding of cancer mechanisms in the last decade. The ncRNAs interplay with protein-coding genes and their abnormalities represents one the most unexpected and important discoveries in the cancer field. Cancer initiation, progression and dissemination causally involve the effects of small regulatory ncRNAs named microRNAs, mainly due to deregulation of expression of cancer protein coding genes. miRNAs can act as oncogenes (activating malignant potential) or tumor suppressors (inhibiting malignant potential) directly on the tumor cells or via communication with tumor microenvironment cells. Understanding the roles of miRNAs and other ncRNAs in malignant cells uncovers a new layer of protein coding and non-coding gene regulation; furthermore, provides new markers for early diagnosis and improved prognosis, as well as novel therapeutics for cancer patients. Herein I will expose what is known about the miRNA function and describe examples and the challenges for clinical use of miRNAs in the near future.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	168-172
Number of pages	5
Journal	Journal of Translational Medicine and Research
Volume	21
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.21614/jtmr-21-3-90
State	Published - 2016

Keywords

Cancer
Diagnosis
MicroRNAs
Oncogene
Therapy
Tumor suppressor

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Medicine

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10.21614/jtmr-21-3-90

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title = "Human cancers: The interplay between protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs",

abstract = "The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) dramatically changed the understanding of cancer mechanisms in the last decade. The ncRNAs interplay with protein-coding genes and their abnormalities represents one the most unexpected and important discoveries in the cancer field. Cancer initiation, progression and dissemination causally involve the effects of small regulatory ncRNAs named microRNAs, mainly due to deregulation of expression of cancer protein coding genes. miRNAs can act as oncogenes (activating malignant potential) or tumor suppressors (inhibiting malignant potential) directly on the tumor cells or via communication with tumor microenvironment cells. Understanding the roles of miRNAs and other ncRNAs in malignant cells uncovers a new layer of protein coding and non-coding gene regulation; furthermore, provides new markers for early diagnosis and improved prognosis, as well as novel therapeutics for cancer patients. Herein I will expose what is known about the miRNA function and describe examples and the challenges for clinical use of miRNAs in the near future.",

keywords = "Cancer, Diagnosis, MicroRNAs, Oncogene, Therapy, Tumor suppressor",

author = "Calin, {George A.}",

note = "Funding Information: Dr. Calin is The Alan M. Gewirtz Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Scholar. Work in Dr. Calin's laboratory is supported in part by the NIH/NCI grants 1UH2TR00943-01 and 1 R01 CA182905-01, the UT MD Anderson Cancer Center SPORE in Melanoma grant from NCI (P50CA093459), Aim at Melanoma Foundation and the Miriam and Jim Mulva research funds, the UT MD Anderson Cancer Center Brain SPORE (2P50CA127001), a Developmental Research award from Leukemia SPORE, a CLL Moonshot Flagship project, a 2015 Knowledge GAP MDACC grant, an Owens Foundation grant, and the Estate of C. G. Johnson, Jr. We included in the reference list mostly reviews, so the readers can use additional more detailed presentations of specific topics discussed in the present review.",

year = "2016",

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N2 - The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) dramatically changed the understanding of cancer mechanisms in the last decade. The ncRNAs interplay with protein-coding genes and their abnormalities represents one the most unexpected and important discoveries in the cancer field. Cancer initiation, progression and dissemination causally involve the effects of small regulatory ncRNAs named microRNAs, mainly due to deregulation of expression of cancer protein coding genes. miRNAs can act as oncogenes (activating malignant potential) or tumor suppressors (inhibiting malignant potential) directly on the tumor cells or via communication with tumor microenvironment cells. Understanding the roles of miRNAs and other ncRNAs in malignant cells uncovers a new layer of protein coding and non-coding gene regulation; furthermore, provides new markers for early diagnosis and improved prognosis, as well as novel therapeutics for cancer patients. Herein I will expose what is known about the miRNA function and describe examples and the challenges for clinical use of miRNAs in the near future.

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Human cancers: The interplay between protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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