Human lymphokine-activated killer cells: Further isolation and characterization of the precursor and effector cells

In a series of experiments we have demonstrated the progressive enrichment (5-to 40-fold) in lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) precursor activity by adherence depletion, sheep red cell rosetting, and depletion of CD3- and DR-positive lymphocytes. The LAK precursor cell thus appears to fall within the 'null' cell population. CD16 and CD11 are cell surface antigens expressed on the surface of the LAK precursor as demonstrated in sorting experiments. A 6- to 100-fold enrichment compared to unseparated peripheral blood was noted when sorted cells positive for CD16 and CD11 were tested. The LAK effector has been identified as being primarily CD3- and CD2⁺. Similar sorting equipment demonstrated a 7-to 500-fold difference in lytic activity for fresh tumor when comparing CD2⁺/CD3- and CD2⁺/CD3⁺ cells. The CD16⁺/CD11⁺ lymphocytes can proliferate in response to interleukin-2 (IL-2) alone in the absence of accessory cells and can be expanded in IL-2 alone with maintenance of lytic activity.