TY - JOUR
T1 - Immune Dysregulation and the Increased Risk of Complications and Mortality Following Respiratory Tract Infections in Adults With Down Syndrome
AU - T21RS COVID-19 Initiative
AU - Illouz, Tomer
AU - Biragyn, Arya
AU - Iulita, Maria Florencia
AU - Flores-Aguilar, Lisi
AU - Dierssen, Mara
AU - De Toma, Ilario
AU - Antonarakis, Stylianos E.
AU - Yu, Eugene
AU - Herault, Yann
AU - Potier, Marie Claude
AU - Botté, Alexandra
AU - Roper, Randall
AU - Sredni, Benjamin
AU - London, Jacqueline
AU - Mobley, William
AU - Strydom, Andre
AU - Okun, Eitan
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by the Clore Israel Foundation and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging. We thank Yael Laure for the thorough editing of this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 Illouz, Biragyn, Iulita, Flores-Aguilar, Dierssen, De Toma, Antonarakis, Yu, Herault, Potier, Botté, Roper, Sredni, London, Mobley, Strydom and Okun.
PY - 2021/6/25
Y1 - 2021/6/25
N2 - The risk of severe outcomes following respiratory tract infections is significantly increased in individuals over 60 years, especially in those with chronic medical conditions, i.e., hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dementia, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer. Down Syndrome (DS), the most prevalent intellectual disability, is caused by trisomy-21 in ~1:750 live births worldwide. Over the past few decades, a substantial body of evidence has accumulated, pointing at the occurrence of alterations, impairments, and subsequently dysfunction of the various components of the immune system in individuals with DS. This associates with increased vulnerability to respiratory tract infections in this population, such as the influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), and bacterial pneumonias. To emphasize this link, here we comprehensively review the immunobiology of DS and its contribution to higher susceptibility to severe illness and mortality from respiratory tract infections.
AB - The risk of severe outcomes following respiratory tract infections is significantly increased in individuals over 60 years, especially in those with chronic medical conditions, i.e., hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dementia, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer. Down Syndrome (DS), the most prevalent intellectual disability, is caused by trisomy-21 in ~1:750 live births worldwide. Over the past few decades, a substantial body of evidence has accumulated, pointing at the occurrence of alterations, impairments, and subsequently dysfunction of the various components of the immune system in individuals with DS. This associates with increased vulnerability to respiratory tract infections in this population, such as the influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), and bacterial pneumonias. To emphasize this link, here we comprehensively review the immunobiology of DS and its contribution to higher susceptibility to severe illness and mortality from respiratory tract infections.
KW - COVID-19
KW - Down syndrome
KW - hospitalization
KW - immune dysregulation
KW - interferon
KW - respiratory tract infections
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U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.621440
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.621440
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34248930
AN - SCOPUS:85109665538
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 12
JO - Frontiers in immunology
JF - Frontiers in immunology
M1 - 621440
ER -