Abstract
CD4 helper T (Th)-cells and the cytokines that they produce play essential regulatory roles in immune and autoimmune responses. Th activation and differentiation is regulated by costimulatory receptors. CD28 and CTLA-4 are important in maintaining the threshold of T-cell activation. ICOS and PD-1 are novel costimulatory receptors expressed on activated T-cells. B7-H3 recognizes a putative costimulatory receptor on activated T-cells. Here we summarize the latest developments in the novel costimulatory molecules and their roles in regulating Th activation, differentiation, and function.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 39-48 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Immunologic Research |
Volume | 28 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2003 |
Keywords
- Autoimmune diseases
- B7-H3
- Costimulation
- Cytokines
- Helper T-lymphocytes
- Inducible costimulator
- Th1/Th2
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology