@inbook{a3417d8623f64a58baeca158468f54f8,
title = "Immune-Related Oral, Otologic, and Ocular Adverse Events",
abstract = "Emerging immunotherapeutic agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1), have revolutionized cancer treatment. The first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4, was approved in 2011. Since then, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved more than half a dozen immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat various malignancies. These agents are part of a broader class of chemotherapy agents termed immunotherapy, which selectively target different steps in the immune response cascade to upregulate the body{\textquoteright}s normal response to cancer. While the effects of traditional chemotherapy are well known, the toxicity profile of emerging immune therapies is not fully elucidated. They have been associated with atypical side effects labeled collectively as immune-related adverse events (irAEs).",
keywords = "Dental, Ears, Eyes, Immunotherapy, Side effects",
author = "Nagham Al-Zubidi and Page, {J. Cody} and Gombos, {Dan S.} and Akanksha Srivastava and Eric Appelbaum and Gidley, {Paul W.} and Chambers, {Mark S.} and Nader, {Marc Elie}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-79308-1_17",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology",
publisher = "Springer",
pages = "399--416",
booktitle = "Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology",
}