TY - JOUR
T1 - Immunohistochemical patterns of ProEx C in vulvar squamous lesions
T2 - Detection of overexpression of MCM2 and TOP2A
AU - Chen, Hui
AU - Gonzalez, Jorge L.
AU - Brennick, Jeoffry B.
AU - Liu, Miaoliang
AU - Yan, Shaofeng
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2010/9
Y1 - 2010/9
N2 - Two major subtypes of vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) have been described. Basaloid and warty SCC are human papillomavirus-related and associated with classic vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). Keratinizing SCC is associated with lichen sclerosus and differentiated VIN, but not with human papillomavirus. This study was undertaken to examine the expression patterns of ProEx C in vulvar SCC and its precursors. We analyzed 22 cases with normal vulvar epidermis, 13 cases of lichen sclerosus, 14 cases of condylomas, 23 cases of high-grade classic VIN, 6 cases of differentiated VIN, 3 cases of verrucous carcinomas, 10 cases of keratinizing SCC, and 8 cases of basaloid and warty SCC. ProEx C targets minichromosome maintenance protein and topoisomerase II α protein which are overexpressed in the cell nucleus during aberrant S-phase induction. Marked confluent ProEx C expression is present in high-grade classic VIN with nuclear staining extending into the middle and upper layers of the epidermis. Condylomas show parabasal nuclear immunoreactivity associated with scattered ProEx C-positive nuclei in the more differentiated suprabasilar layers. Invasive SCC shows variable staining patterns. In contrast, ProEx C staining is essentially limited to the basal and parabasal layers in normal epidermis, lichen sclerosus, differentiated VIN, and verrucous carcinoma. Overall, ProEx C is a useful proliferation marker for high-grade VIN analogous to the staining patterns reported in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
AB - Two major subtypes of vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) have been described. Basaloid and warty SCC are human papillomavirus-related and associated with classic vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). Keratinizing SCC is associated with lichen sclerosus and differentiated VIN, but not with human papillomavirus. This study was undertaken to examine the expression patterns of ProEx C in vulvar SCC and its precursors. We analyzed 22 cases with normal vulvar epidermis, 13 cases of lichen sclerosus, 14 cases of condylomas, 23 cases of high-grade classic VIN, 6 cases of differentiated VIN, 3 cases of verrucous carcinomas, 10 cases of keratinizing SCC, and 8 cases of basaloid and warty SCC. ProEx C targets minichromosome maintenance protein and topoisomerase II α protein which are overexpressed in the cell nucleus during aberrant S-phase induction. Marked confluent ProEx C expression is present in high-grade classic VIN with nuclear staining extending into the middle and upper layers of the epidermis. Condylomas show parabasal nuclear immunoreactivity associated with scattered ProEx C-positive nuclei in the more differentiated suprabasilar layers. Invasive SCC shows variable staining patterns. In contrast, ProEx C staining is essentially limited to the basal and parabasal layers in normal epidermis, lichen sclerosus, differentiated VIN, and verrucous carcinoma. Overall, ProEx C is a useful proliferation marker for high-grade VIN analogous to the staining patterns reported in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
KW - ProEx C
KW - condyloma
KW - lichen sclerosus
KW - squamous cell carcinoma
KW - vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77956228737&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77956228737&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181ecf829
DO - 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181ecf829
M3 - Article
C2 - 20697251
AN - SCOPUS:77956228737
SN - 0147-5185
VL - 34
SP - 1250
EP - 1257
JO - American Journal of Surgical Pathology
JF - American Journal of Surgical Pathology
IS - 9
ER -