TY - CHAP
T1 - Immunotherapy for Neuro-Oncology
AU - Majd, Nazanin
AU - Dasgupta, Pushan
AU - de Groot, John
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Immunotherapy has changed the landscape of treatment of many solid and hematological malignancies and is at the forefront of cancer breakthroughs. Several circumstances unique to the central nervous system (CNS) such as limited space for an inflammatory response, difficulties with repeated sampling, corticosteroid use for management of cerebral edema, and immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor and brain parenchyma have posed challenges in clinical development of immunotherapy for intracranial tumors. Nonetheless, the success of immunotherapy in brain metastases (BMs) from solid cancers such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proves that the CNS is not an immune-privileged organ and is capable of initiating and regulating immune responses that lead to tumor control. However, the development of immunotherapeutics for the most malignant primary brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM), has been challenging due to systemic and profound tumor-mediated immunosuppression unique to GBM, intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, low mutation burden, and lack of stably expressed clonal antigens. Here, we review recent advances in the field of immunotherapy for neuro-oncology with a focus on BM and GBM.
AB - Immunotherapy has changed the landscape of treatment of many solid and hematological malignancies and is at the forefront of cancer breakthroughs. Several circumstances unique to the central nervous system (CNS) such as limited space for an inflammatory response, difficulties with repeated sampling, corticosteroid use for management of cerebral edema, and immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor and brain parenchyma have posed challenges in clinical development of immunotherapy for intracranial tumors. Nonetheless, the success of immunotherapy in brain metastases (BMs) from solid cancers such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proves that the CNS is not an immune-privileged organ and is capable of initiating and regulating immune responses that lead to tumor control. However, the development of immunotherapeutics for the most malignant primary brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM), has been challenging due to systemic and profound tumor-mediated immunosuppression unique to GBM, intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, low mutation burden, and lack of stably expressed clonal antigens. Here, we review recent advances in the field of immunotherapy for neuro-oncology with a focus on BM and GBM.
KW - Brain metastases
KW - Cell therapy
KW - Cell vaccines
KW - Checkpoint inhibitors
KW - GBM immune microenvironment
KW - Glioblastoma
KW - Immunosuppressive macrophages
KW - Immunotherapy combinations
KW - Oncolytic viral therapies
KW - Peptide vaccines
KW - Tumor mutational load
KW - Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85083478596&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85083478596&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-41008-7_8
DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-41008-7_8
M3 - Chapter
C2 - 32301015
AN - SCOPUS:85083478596
T3 - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
SP - 183
EP - 203
BT - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
PB - Springer
ER -