Impact of t(11;14)(q13;q32) on the outcome of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in multiple myeloma

The t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation is seen in 15%-20% patients with multiple myeloma (MM). It generally is not associated with worse outcomes. We studied the impact of t(11;14)(q13;q32) on outcome in patients with MM who received high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HCT). Eligible patients underwent high-dose chemotherapy followed by auto-HCT at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between February 2000 and August 2010, and had conventional cytogenetic (CC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results available before auto-HCT (n=993). The cohort was divided into 3 groups of patients: (1) normal (diploid by CC and negative by FISH; n=869); (2) t(11;14)(q13;q32) by CC or FISH (n=27); and (3) high-risk (HR) abnormalities by CC or FISH (n=97). Of the 27 patients with t(11;14)(q13;q32), 18 had isolated t(11;14)(q13;q32) and 9 had concurrent HR abnormalities. The primary objective was to compare outcomes in patients with t(11;14)(q13;q32) and patients with diploid or HR markers detected by CC or FISH studies. The median duration of follow-up in surviving patients was 37months. The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 47% for the normal group, 27% for the t(11;14)(q13;q32) group, and 13% for the HR group (P<.00001). The 3-year OS was 83% for the normal group, 63% for the t(11;14)(q13;q32) group, and 34% for the HR group (P<.00001). On multivariate analysis, t(11;14)(q13;q32) and HR abnormalities by CC or FISH and relapsed disease at auto-HCT were associated with shorter PFS, whereas t(11;14)(q13;q32) and HR abnormalities by CC or FISH, β₂ microglobulin of >3.5, and relapsed disease at the time of auto-HCT were associated with shorter OS. In conclusion, patients with t(11;14)(q13;q32) had worse outcomes than patients with normal CC or FISH studies, but better outcomes than patients with HR markers detected by CC or FISH studies.