In-vivo study of epidermal protection by cryogen spray cooling during pulsed laser irradiation at high radiant exposures

James W. Tunnell; David W. Chang; Carol Johnston; Jorge H. Torres; Charles W. Patrick; Mihchael J. Miller; Sharon L. Thomsen; Bahman Anvari

doi:10.1117/12.431782

In-vivo study of epidermal protection by cryogen spray cooling during pulsed laser irradiation at high radiant exposures

James W. Tunnell, David W. Chang, Carol Johnston, Jorge H. Torres, Charles W. Patrick, Mihchael J. Miller, Sharon L. Thomsen, Bahman Anvari

Plastic Surgery

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) offers a means to selectively cool the epidermis during laser therapy and has been used in conjunction with pulsed laser irradiation to treat light skin patients (Fitzpatrick Type I-IV) at moderate radiant exposures (<15 J/cm²). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of CSC in protecting the human skin epidermis in vivo from thermal injury during high radiant exposures (>15 J/cm²). Normal abdominal skin on twenty anesthetized individuals undergoing transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap procedures with various skin types (Fitzpatrick type I-VI) were irradiated using incident radiant exposures of 8-30 J/cm² without and with CSC. Assessment of tissue damage was based on histologic analysis. Epidermal damage was observed as basal epidermal cell vacuolization, epidermal basal layer separation, and epithelial cell spindling. For lighter skin patients (Fitzpatrick type I-IV) the epidermal damage threshold was increased to as much as 30 J/cm² when using CSC. However, complete epidermal protection in the darkest skin patients (Fitzpatrick type V-VI) could not be achieved with cryogen spurt durations as long as 300 ms using current CSC protocols.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	67-74
Number of pages	8
Journal	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	4609
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.431782
State	Published - Jun 14 2002

Keywords

Dynamic cooling
Port wine stain
Selective photothermolysis
Vascular damage

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Condensed Matter Physics
Computer Science Applications
Applied Mathematics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1117/12.431782

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Tunnell, J. W., Chang, D. W., Johnston, C., Torres, J. H., Patrick, C. W., Miller, M. J., Thomsen, S. L., & Anvari, B. (2002). In-vivo study of epidermal protection by cryogen spray cooling during pulsed laser irradiation at high radiant exposures. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 4609(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.431782

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title = "In-vivo study of epidermal protection by cryogen spray cooling during pulsed laser irradiation at high radiant exposures",

abstract = "Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) offers a means to selectively cool the epidermis during laser therapy and has been used in conjunction with pulsed laser irradiation to treat light skin patients (Fitzpatrick Type I-IV) at moderate radiant exposures (<15 J/cm2). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of CSC in protecting the human skin epidermis in vivo from thermal injury during high radiant exposures (>15 J/cm2). Normal abdominal skin on twenty anesthetized individuals undergoing transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap procedures with various skin types (Fitzpatrick type I-VI) were irradiated using incident radiant exposures of 8-30 J/cm2 without and with CSC. Assessment of tissue damage was based on histologic analysis. Epidermal damage was observed as basal epidermal cell vacuolization, epidermal basal layer separation, and epithelial cell spindling. For lighter skin patients (Fitzpatrick type I-IV) the epidermal damage threshold was increased to as much as 30 J/cm2 when using CSC. However, complete epidermal protection in the darkest skin patients (Fitzpatrick type V-VI) could not be achieved with cryogen spurt durations as long as 300 ms using current CSC protocols.",

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In-vivo study of epidermal protection by cryogen spray cooling during pulsed laser irradiation at high radiant exposures

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