Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Versus Volumetric Arc Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Glioblastoma—Does Clinical Benefit Follow Dosimetric Advantage?

Purpose: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has been shown by multiple planning studies to hold dosimetric advantages over intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the management of brain tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM). Although promising, the clinical impact of these findings has not been fully elucidated. Methods and Materials: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with a pathologic-confirmed diagnosis of GBM who were treated between 2014 and 2015, a period that encompassed the transition from IMRT to VMAT at a single institution. After surgery, radiation with VMAT consisted of 2 to 3 coplanar arcs with or without an additional noncoplanar arc or IMRT with 5 to 6 gantry angles with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide. Actuarial analyses were performed using the Kaplan Meier method. Results: A total of 88 patients treated with IMRT (n = 45) and VMAT (n = 43) were identified. Patients were similar in terms of age, sex, performance status, extent of resection, and the high dose target volume. At a median follow-up time of 27 months (range,.7-32.3 months), the overall survival, freedom from progression, and freedom from new or worsening toxicity rates were not different between the 2 treatment groups (log-rank: P =.33;.87; and.23, respectively). There was no difference in incidences of alopecia, erythema, nausea, worsening or new onset fatigue, or headache during radiation, or temozolomide dose reduction for thrombocytopenia or neutropenia (all P >.05). Patterns of failure were different with more out of field failures in the IMRT group (P =.02). The mean time of treatment (TOT) was significantly reduced by 29% (P <.01) with VMAT (mean TOT: 10.3 minutes) compared with IMRT (mean TOT: 14.6 minutes). Conclusions: For GBM, treatment with VMAT results in similar oncologic and toxicity outcomes compared with IMRT and may improve resource utilization by reducing TOT. VMAT should be considered a potential radiation modality for patients with GBM.