TY - JOUR
T1 - Isolation and characterization of the human DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR promoters
AU - Liu, Hongbing
AU - Yu, Wendong
AU - Liou, Li Ying
AU - Rice, Andrew P.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a grant (AI 35381) from NIAID. Flow cytometry was supported by the Center for AIDS Research at Baylor College of Medicine (AI36211).
PY - 2003/8/14
Y1 - 2003/8/14
N2 - DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin expressed on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs) that is used by a number of human pathogens to disseminate infection in the host. In the human genome, there is a gene closely related to DC-SIGN, termed DC-SIGNR (also L-SIGN, DC-SIGN2), which likely arose through gene duplication. DC-SIGN protein and RNA expression is largely restricted to DCs and some specialized macrophages in lung and placenta, while DC-SIGNR expression is largely restricted to lymph nodes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. To begin to investigate the cell type-restricted expression of these closely related genes, we isolated the human DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR promoters. They were found to be relatively weak promoters that express similarly in plasmid transfection assays in several transformed cell lines, suggesting that the cis-regulatory elements that confer cell-type restricted expression of these two genes are located outside of the promoters. The DC-SIGN gene contains four major transcriptional start sites at +1, +271, +364, and +435, with the +364 site being the most abundantly expressed in DCs. The DC-SIGN promoter is contained within nucleotides +251 to +487. AP-1, Sp1, Ets-1, and NF-κB binding sites in the DC-SIGN promoter appear to be important for function. Thus, despite its highly restricted pattern of expression, the DC-SIGN promoter has features common to promoters that are active in other cell types.
AB - DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin expressed on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs) that is used by a number of human pathogens to disseminate infection in the host. In the human genome, there is a gene closely related to DC-SIGN, termed DC-SIGNR (also L-SIGN, DC-SIGN2), which likely arose through gene duplication. DC-SIGN protein and RNA expression is largely restricted to DCs and some specialized macrophages in lung and placenta, while DC-SIGNR expression is largely restricted to lymph nodes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. To begin to investigate the cell type-restricted expression of these closely related genes, we isolated the human DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR promoters. They were found to be relatively weak promoters that express similarly in plasmid transfection assays in several transformed cell lines, suggesting that the cis-regulatory elements that confer cell-type restricted expression of these two genes are located outside of the promoters. The DC-SIGN gene contains four major transcriptional start sites at +1, +271, +364, and +435, with the +364 site being the most abundantly expressed in DCs. The DC-SIGN promoter is contained within nucleotides +251 to +487. AP-1, Sp1, Ets-1, and NF-κB binding sites in the DC-SIGN promoter appear to be important for function. Thus, despite its highly restricted pattern of expression, the DC-SIGN promoter has features common to promoters that are active in other cell types.
KW - DC-SIGN
KW - DC-SIGNR
KW - Dendritic cells
KW - Promoter
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U2 - 10.1016/S0378-1119(03)00674-7
DO - 10.1016/S0378-1119(03)00674-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 12957386
AN - SCOPUS:0142026173
SN - 0378-1119
VL - 313
SP - 149
EP - 159
JO - Gene
JF - Gene
IS - 1-2
ER -