It's all about the perspective: Removing bias when co-managing patients with high-grade T1 bladder cancer and localized prostate cancer—A competing risks analysis

The risk connotation of terminology in influencing decision-making should not be underestimated. For example, “superficial” T1HG bladder cancer has the same poor cancer-specific survival as that conferred by the “highest risk” prostate cancer (Gleason 10, T3b). Co-management of concomitant prostate cancer and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer requires a careful competing risk analysis by both the physician and patient. Herein, we detail how patients and physicians should be careful not to underestimate the risk attributed to “non-muscle invasive” bladder cancer.