Key topic: Multimodal evaluation of the lymphedema patient

Comprehensive evaluation of the patient presenting with extremity swelling is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. For patients with lymphedema, a detailed history and clinical examination are supported by multiple metrics to correctly support the diagnosis and for staging. Lymphedema may be complicated by a complex interplay with insufficiency of the venous system, in particular when affecting the lower extremity, and specific imaging may be indicated for further evaluation. Measurement of the relative lymphatic fluid/adipose tissue composition is important to guide the optimal sequence of lymphedema treatment. This chapter presents a practical evidence-based approach for the evaluation of the patient with limb swelling.