Low-grade serous ovarian cancer

Low-grade serous ovarian cancer accounts for 5%–7% of epithelial ovarian cancer cases and is clinically, histologically, and molecularly distinct from high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Low-grade serous ovarian cancer can develop through a stepwise progression from a precursor serous borderline tumor. Patients with low-grade serous ovarian cancer are historically less responsive to traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy, but have a more protracted disease course and are more likely than patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer to respond to endocrine therapies. Due to the prevalence of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) alterations within this disease, most commonly involving KRAS, there has been a recent interest in targeting the MAPK pathway for the treatment of patients with recurrent disease.