Magnetic resonance temperature imaging for focused ultrasound surgery: A review

Magnetic resonance temperature imaging (MRTI) is an enabling technology that has recently demonstrated the potential to bring the emerging minimally invasive image-guided thermal therapy procedures, such as radiofrequency, microwave, laser, ultrasound, and cryosurgery, into the clinical setting with a level of safety and efficacy not previously possible. By coupling the wealth of soft tissue contrast mechanisms available with magnetic resonance imaging with its intrinsic temperature sensitivity, magnetic resonance imaging is in a unique position to provide image-guided treatment planning and verification and quantitative or qualitative feedback during treatment delivery, heightening of the control the physician has over the method, and enhancement of the ability to deliver conformal treatments. The basic principles behind MRTI technology and its application to minimally invasive thermal therapy during ultrasound thermal therapy delivery are reviewed in this study.