TY - JOUR
T1 - MiRNAs, melanoma and microenvironment
T2 - An intricate network
AU - Romano, Gabriele
AU - Kwong, Lawrence N.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: We thank George A. Calin (Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center) for critical review of the manuscript and expert editorial assistance. The figures were produced, in part, by using Servier Medical Art. Lawrence N. Kwong was supported by the University of Texas Rising STARS award and the Melanoma Research Alliance Young Investigator Award 508743.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2017/11/7
Y1 - 2017/11/7
N2 - MiRNAs are central players in cancer biology and they play a pivotal role in mediating the network communication between tumor cells and their microenvironment. In melanoma, miRNAs can impair or facilitate a wide array of processes, and here we will focus on: the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), the immune milieu, and metabolism. Multiple miRNAs can affect the EMT process, even at a distance, for example through exosome-mediated mechanisms. miRNAs also strongly act on some components of the immune system, regulating the activity of key elements such as antigen presenting cells, and can facilitate an immune evasive/suppressive phenotype. miRNAs are also involved in the regulation of metabolic processes, specifically in response to hypoxic stimuli where they can mediate the metabolic switch from an oxidative to a glycolytic metabolism. Overall, this review discusses and summarizes recent findings on miRNA regulation in the melanoma tumor microenvironment, analyzing their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
AB - MiRNAs are central players in cancer biology and they play a pivotal role in mediating the network communication between tumor cells and their microenvironment. In melanoma, miRNAs can impair or facilitate a wide array of processes, and here we will focus on: the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), the immune milieu, and metabolism. Multiple miRNAs can affect the EMT process, even at a distance, for example through exosome-mediated mechanisms. miRNAs also strongly act on some components of the immune system, regulating the activity of key elements such as antigen presenting cells, and can facilitate an immune evasive/suppressive phenotype. miRNAs are also involved in the regulation of metabolic processes, specifically in response to hypoxic stimuli where they can mediate the metabolic switch from an oxidative to a glycolytic metabolism. Overall, this review discusses and summarizes recent findings on miRNA regulation in the melanoma tumor microenvironment, analyzing their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
KW - Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)
KW - Hypoxia
KW - Immune system
KW - Melanoma
KW - Metabolism
KW - MiRNA
KW - Tumor microenvironment
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U2 - 10.3390/ijms18112354
DO - 10.3390/ijms18112354
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29112174
AN - SCOPUS:85033555731
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 18
JO - International journal of molecular sciences
JF - International journal of molecular sciences
IS - 11
M1 - 2354
ER -