Molecularly targeted therapies for thyroid cancers

Objective: To review the emerging evidence that therapies targeting key oncogenic and signaling kinases can be effective in treatment of advanced thyroid carcinomas. Methods: With use of PubMed and Google Scholar, a systematic review was performed of publications and scientific presentations summarizing pertinent clinical trials. Results: Studies of numerous inhibitors of BRAF, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and RET kinases indicate that patients with progressive or metastatic thyroid carcinoma can benefit from therapy with these novel agents. Severe toxic effects, however, are associated with these treatments, and caution is recommended in their use. Conclusion: Further trials and identification of improved therapeutic targeting should lead to development of more effective treatments of thyroid carcinomas.