Monitoring and Modulating Diet and Gut Microbes to Enhance Response and Reduce Toxicity to Cancer Treatment

Anne Knisely, Yongwoo David Seo, Jennifer A. Wargo, Manoj Chelvanambi

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

The gut microbiome comprises a diverse array of microbial species that have been shown to dynamically modulate host immunity both locally and systemically, as well as contribute to tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the scientific evidence on the role that gut microbes and diet play in response and toxicity to cancer treatment. We highlight studies across multiple cancer cohorts that have shown an association between particular gut microbiome signatures and an improved response to immune checkpoint blockade, chemotherapy, and adoptive cell therapies, as well as the role of particular microbes in driving treatment-related toxicity and how the microbiome can be modulated through strategies, such as fecal transplant. We also summarize the current literature that implicate high fiber and ketogenic diets in improved response rates to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, respectively. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of patient care, advocate for a holistic approach to cancer treatment, and comment on the next frontier of targeted gut and tumor microbiome modulation through novel therapeutics, dietary intervention, and precision-medicine approaches.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number777
JournalCancers
Volume15
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 2023

Keywords

  • antibiotics
  • cancer immunotherapy
  • dietary interventions
  • gut microbiome
  • microbiome modulation
  • toxicity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

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