MoTERNN: Classifying the Mode of Cancer Evolution Using Recursive Neural Networks

With the advent of single-cell DNA sequencing, it is now possible to infer the evolutionary history of thousands of tumor cells obtained from a single patient. This evolutionary history, which takes the shape of a tree, reveals the mode of evolution of the specific cancer under study and, in turn, helps with clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatment. In this study we focus on the question of determining the mode of evolution of tumor cells from their inferred evolutionary history. In particular, we employ recursive neural networks that capture tree structures to classify the evolutionary history of tumor cells into one of four modes—linear, branching, neutral, and punctuated. We trained our model, MoTERNN, using simulated data in a supervised fashion and applied it to a real phylogenetic tree obtained from single-cell DNA sequencing data. MoTERNN is implemented in Python and is publicly available at https://github.com/NakhlehLab/MoTERNN.