Natural Compound-Based Nanoparticles to Target Free Radicals in Cancer

Cell proliferation and malignant transformation are enabled by genetic and epigenetic changes. During the malignancy process, malignant cells acquire distinguishing characteristics. Cancer cells have acquired the ability to generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in high oxidative stress. ROS-mediated signaling is needed for cancer cell physiology, and high levels of ROS cause oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells. To avoid ROS-mediated cytotoxicity, cancer cells modulate their redox state through various antioxidant mechanisms and keep their ROS levels below the threshold. Cancer treatment that targets oxidative stress is an appealing option. Many natural oxidative stress modulators and bioactive compounds have been used in the treatment of cancer. Conventional uptake of bioactive molecule is associated with lower bioavailability, solubility, unlikely biodistribution, and side effects. Traditional drug uptake is improved by nanoformulation, making it easier to overcome side effects, improve biodistribution, and extend drug duration time. Natural prooxidant-loaded nanoparticles efficiently carry prooxidant to the tumor site and selectively and efficiently induce oxidative stress-mediated cell death in cancer cells.