Neither Neoadjuvant nor Adjuvant Therapy Increases Survival After Biliary Tract Cancer Resection with Wide Negative Margins

Background: We investigated the role of neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies on survival for resectable biliary tract cancer. We hypothesized that neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy should improve the survival probability in these patients. Methods: This was a retrospective review of a prospective database of patients resected for gallbladder cancer (GBC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). One hundred fifty-seven patients underwent resection for primary GBC (n = 63) and CC (n = 94). Fisher's exact test, Student's t test, the log-rank test, and a Cox proportional hazard model determined significant differences. Results: The 5-year overall survival rate after resection of GBC and CC was 50. 6 % and 30. 4 %, respectively. Of the patients, 17. 8 % received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 48. 7 % received adjuvant chemotherapy, while 15. 8 % received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Patients with negative margins of at least 1 cm had a 5-year survival rate of 52. 4 % (p < 0. 01). Adjuvant therapy did not significantly prolong survival. Neoadjuvant therapy delayed surgical resection on average for 6. 8 months (p < 0. 0001). Immediate resection increased median survival from 42. 3 to 53. 5 months (p = 0. 01). Conclusions: Early surgical resection of biliary tract malignancies with 1 cm tumor-free margins provides the best probability for long-term survival. Currently available neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy does not improve survival.