TY - JOUR
T1 - Neuronal differentiation drives the antitumor activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibition in glioblastoma
AU - Khan, Sabbir
AU - Martinez-Ledesma, Emmanuel
AU - Dong, Jianwen
AU - Mahalingam, Rajasekaran
AU - Park, Soon Young
AU - Piao, Yuji
AU - Koul, Dimpy
AU - Balasubramaniyan, Veerakumar
AU - de Groot, John Frederick
AU - Yung, W K Alfred
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/1/1
Y1 - 2023/1/1
N2 - Background. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification is found in nearly 40%–50% of glioblastoma cases. Several EGFR inhibitors have been tested in glioblastoma but have failed to demonstrate long-term therapeutic benefit, presumably because of acquired resistance. Targeting EGFR downstream signaling with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) inhibitors would be a more effective approach to glioblastoma treatment. We tested the therapeutic potential of MEK1/2 inhibitors in glioblastoma using 3D cultures of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) and mouse models of glioblastoma. Methods. Several MEK inhibitors were screened in an unbiased high-throughput platform using GSCs. Cell death was evaluated using flow cytometry and Western blotting (WB) analysis. RNA-seq, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and WB analysis were used to identify and validate neuronal differentiation. Results. Unbiased screening of multiple MEK inhibitors in GSCs showed antiproliferative and apoptotic cell death in sensitive cell lines. An RNA-seq analysis of cells treated with trametinib, a potent MEK inhibitor, revealed upregulation of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation genes, such as achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1), delta-like 3 (DLL3), and neurogenic differentiation 4 (NeuroD4). We validated the neuronal differentiation phenotypes in vitro and in vivo using selected differentiation markers (β-III-tubulin, ASCL1, DLL3, and NeuroD4). Oral treatment with trametinib in an orthotopic GSC xenograft model significantly improved animal survival, with 25%–30% of mice being long-term survivors. Conclusions. Our findings demonstrated that MEK1/2 inhibition promotes neuronal differentiation in glioblastoma, a potential additional mechanism of action of MEK1/2 inhibitors.Thus, MEK inhibitors could be efficacious in glioblastoma patients with activated EGFR/MAPK signaling.
AB - Background. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification is found in nearly 40%–50% of glioblastoma cases. Several EGFR inhibitors have been tested in glioblastoma but have failed to demonstrate long-term therapeutic benefit, presumably because of acquired resistance. Targeting EGFR downstream signaling with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) inhibitors would be a more effective approach to glioblastoma treatment. We tested the therapeutic potential of MEK1/2 inhibitors in glioblastoma using 3D cultures of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) and mouse models of glioblastoma. Methods. Several MEK inhibitors were screened in an unbiased high-throughput platform using GSCs. Cell death was evaluated using flow cytometry and Western blotting (WB) analysis. RNA-seq, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and WB analysis were used to identify and validate neuronal differentiation. Results. Unbiased screening of multiple MEK inhibitors in GSCs showed antiproliferative and apoptotic cell death in sensitive cell lines. An RNA-seq analysis of cells treated with trametinib, a potent MEK inhibitor, revealed upregulation of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation genes, such as achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1), delta-like 3 (DLL3), and neurogenic differentiation 4 (NeuroD4). We validated the neuronal differentiation phenotypes in vitro and in vivo using selected differentiation markers (β-III-tubulin, ASCL1, DLL3, and NeuroD4). Oral treatment with trametinib in an orthotopic GSC xenograft model significantly improved animal survival, with 25%–30% of mice being long-term survivors. Conclusions. Our findings demonstrated that MEK1/2 inhibition promotes neuronal differentiation in glioblastoma, a potential additional mechanism of action of MEK1/2 inhibitors.Thus, MEK inhibitors could be efficacious in glioblastoma patients with activated EGFR/MAPK signaling.
KW - apoptosis
KW - EGFR-MEK signaling
KW - glioblastoma
KW - MEK inhibitors
KW - neuronal differentiation
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U2 - 10.1093/noajnl/vdad132
DO - 10.1093/noajnl/vdad132
M3 - Article
C2 - 38130900
AN - SCOPUS:85184809023
SN - 2632-2498
VL - 5
JO - Neuro-Oncology Advances
JF - Neuro-Oncology Advances
IS - 1
M1 - vdad132
ER -