TY - JOUR
T1 - Non-coding RNAs in GI cancers
T2 - From cancer hallmarks to clinical utility
AU - Dragomir, Mihnea Paul
AU - Kopetz, Scott
AU - Ajani, Jaffer A.
AU - Calin, George Adrian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Author(s).
PY - 2020/4/1
Y1 - 2020/4/1
N2 - One of the most unexpected discoveries in molecular oncology, in the last decades, was the identification of a new layer of protein coding gene regulation by transcripts that do not codify for proteins, the non-coding RNAs. These represent a heterogeneous category of transcripts that interact with many types of genetic elements, including regulatory DNAs, coding and other non-coding transcripts and directly to proteins. The final outcome, in the malignant context, is the regulation of any of the cancer hallmarks. Non-coding RNAs represent the most abundant type of hormones that contribute significantly to cell-to cell communication, revealing a complex interplay between tumour cells, tumour microenvironment cells and immune cells. Consequently, profiling their abundance in bodily fluids became a mainstream of biomarker identification. Therapeutic targeting of non-coding RNAs represents a new option for clinicians that is currently under development. This review will present the biology and translational value of three of the most studied categories on non-coding RNAs, the microRNAs, the long non-coding RNAs and the circular RNAs. We will also focus on some aspirational concepts that can help in the development of clinical applications related to non-coding RNAs, including using pyknons to discover new non-coding RNAs, targeting human-specific transcripts which are expressed specifically in the tumour cell and using non-coding RNAs to increase the efficiency of immunotherapy.
AB - One of the most unexpected discoveries in molecular oncology, in the last decades, was the identification of a new layer of protein coding gene regulation by transcripts that do not codify for proteins, the non-coding RNAs. These represent a heterogeneous category of transcripts that interact with many types of genetic elements, including regulatory DNAs, coding and other non-coding transcripts and directly to proteins. The final outcome, in the malignant context, is the regulation of any of the cancer hallmarks. Non-coding RNAs represent the most abundant type of hormones that contribute significantly to cell-to cell communication, revealing a complex interplay between tumour cells, tumour microenvironment cells and immune cells. Consequently, profiling their abundance in bodily fluids became a mainstream of biomarker identification. Therapeutic targeting of non-coding RNAs represents a new option for clinicians that is currently under development. This review will present the biology and translational value of three of the most studied categories on non-coding RNAs, the microRNAs, the long non-coding RNAs and the circular RNAs. We will also focus on some aspirational concepts that can help in the development of clinical applications related to non-coding RNAs, including using pyknons to discover new non-coding RNAs, targeting human-specific transcripts which are expressed specifically in the tumour cell and using non-coding RNAs to increase the efficiency of immunotherapy.
KW - cancer genetics
KW - colorectal cancer
KW - gastric cancer
KW - hepatocellular carcinoma
KW - pancreatic cancer
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85079233007&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85079233007&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318279
DO - 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318279
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32034004
AN - SCOPUS:85079233007
SN - 0017-5749
VL - 69
SP - 748
EP - 763
JO - Gut
JF - Gut
IS - 4
ER -