TY - JOUR
T1 - Oxidative stress in NSC-741909-induced apoptosis of cancer cells
AU - Wei, Xiaoli
AU - Guo, Wei
AU - Wu, Shuhong
AU - Wang, Li
AU - Huang, Peng
AU - Liu, Jinsong
AU - Fang, Bingliang
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Kate Newberry for editorial review of the manuscript and the Developmental Therapeutics Program of the National Cancer Institute for testing NSC-741909 on the NCI-60 cancer cell panels. This work was supported by National Cancer Institute grant R01 CA 092487 and RO1 CA 124951 (to B. Fang), Lockton Grant matching funds, National Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant CA 16672 (to M. D. Anderson Cancer Center), and National Natural Science Foundation of China No.30973563 (to X Wei).
PY - 2010/4/16
Y1 - 2010/4/16
N2 - Background: NSC-741909 is a novel anticancer agent that can effectively suppress the growth of several cell lines derived from lung, colon, breast, ovarian, and kidney cancers. We recently showed that NSC-741909-induced antitumor activity is associated with sustained Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, resulting from suppression of JNK dephosphorylation associated with decreased protein levels of MAPK phosphatase-1. However, the mechanisms of NSC-741909-induced antitumor activity remain unclear. Because JNK is frequently activated by oxidative stress in cells, we hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be involved in the suppression of JNK dephosphorylation and the cytotoxicity of NSC-741909.Methods: The generation of ROS was measured by using the cell-permeable nonfluorescent compound H2DCF-DA and flow cytometry analysis. Cell viability was determined by sulforhodamine B assay. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry assays were used to determine apoptosis and molecular changes induced by NSC-741909.Results: Treatment with NSC-741909 induced robust ROS generation and marked MAPK phosphatase-1 and -7 clustering in NSC-741909-sensitive, but not resistant cell lines, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The generation of ROS was detectable as early as 30 min and ROS levels were as high as 6- to 8-fold above basal levels after treatment. Moreover, the NSC-741909-induced ROS generation could be blocked by pretreatment with antioxidants, such as nordihydroguaiaretic acid, aesculetin, baicalein, and caffeic acid, which in turn, inhibited the NSC-741909-induced JNK activation and apoptosis.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the increased ROS production was associated with NSC-741909-induced antitumor activity and that ROS generation and subsequent JNK activation is one of the primary mechanisms of NSC-741909-mediated antitumor cell activity.
AB - Background: NSC-741909 is a novel anticancer agent that can effectively suppress the growth of several cell lines derived from lung, colon, breast, ovarian, and kidney cancers. We recently showed that NSC-741909-induced antitumor activity is associated with sustained Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, resulting from suppression of JNK dephosphorylation associated with decreased protein levels of MAPK phosphatase-1. However, the mechanisms of NSC-741909-induced antitumor activity remain unclear. Because JNK is frequently activated by oxidative stress in cells, we hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be involved in the suppression of JNK dephosphorylation and the cytotoxicity of NSC-741909.Methods: The generation of ROS was measured by using the cell-permeable nonfluorescent compound H2DCF-DA and flow cytometry analysis. Cell viability was determined by sulforhodamine B assay. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry assays were used to determine apoptosis and molecular changes induced by NSC-741909.Results: Treatment with NSC-741909 induced robust ROS generation and marked MAPK phosphatase-1 and -7 clustering in NSC-741909-sensitive, but not resistant cell lines, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The generation of ROS was detectable as early as 30 min and ROS levels were as high as 6- to 8-fold above basal levels after treatment. Moreover, the NSC-741909-induced ROS generation could be blocked by pretreatment with antioxidants, such as nordihydroguaiaretic acid, aesculetin, baicalein, and caffeic acid, which in turn, inhibited the NSC-741909-induced JNK activation and apoptosis.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the increased ROS production was associated with NSC-741909-induced antitumor activity and that ROS generation and subsequent JNK activation is one of the primary mechanisms of NSC-741909-mediated antitumor cell activity.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77950822385&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77950822385&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/1479-5876-8-37
DO - 10.1186/1479-5876-8-37
M3 - Article
C2 - 20398386
AN - SCOPUS:77950822385
SN - 1479-5876
VL - 8
JO - Journal of translational medicine
JF - Journal of translational medicine
M1 - 37
ER -