TY - JOUR
T1 - Pathological Response and Immune Biomarker Assessment in Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Carcinoma Receiving Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
AU - Rojas, Frank
AU - Parra, Edwin Roger
AU - Wistuba, Ignacio Ivan
AU - Haymaker, Cara
AU - Solis Soto, Luisa Maren
N1 - Funding Information:
Conflicts of Interest: F.R., L.M.S.S., E.R.P., declare no conflict of interest. C.H. reports speaker’s fees from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, serves as an advisory board member for Briacell and the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, has received personal fees from Nanobiotix and receives funding to the MD Anderson Cancer Center from Iovance, Sanofi, Dragonfly Thera‐ peutics, and BTG outside the submitted work. I.I.W. has provided consulting or advisory roles for AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Bayer, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Genentech/Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Guardant Health, HTG Molecular Diagnostics, Merck, MSD Oncology, OncoCyte, Jansen, Novartis, Flame Inc, Sanofi and Pfizer; has received grants and personal fees from Genentech/Roche, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, HTG Molecular, Merck, and Guardant Health; has re‐ ceived personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline and Oncocyte, Daiichi‐Sankyo, Roche, Astra Zeneca, Pfizer and Bayer; has received research funding to his institution from 4D Molecular Therapeutics, Adaptimmune, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Akoya Biosciences , Amgen, Bayer, EMD Serono, Genen‐ tech, Guardant Health, HTG Molecular Diagnostics, Iovance Biotherapeutics, Johnson & Johnson, Karus Therapeutics, MedImmune, Merck, Novartis, OncoPlex Diagnostics, Pfizer, Takeda, and No‐ vartis.
Funding Information:
The authors thank to the laboratory members of the Translational Molecular Pathology Immune‐Profiling Laboratory (TMP‐IL) for their technical assistance on retrieving images of histological slides.The authors also thank to the FHU OncoAge (University Côte d’Azur) for supporting the fee charges concerning the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/6/1
Y1 - 2022/6/1
N2 - Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy have been used in the perioperative setting of non‐small‐cell carcinoma (NSCLC); however, the five‐year survival rate only improves by about 5%. Neoadjuvant treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become significant due to improved survival in advanced NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy agents. The assessment of pathology response has been proposed as a surrogate indicator of the benefits of neaodjuvant therapy. An outline of recommendations has been published by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) for the evaluation of pathologic response (PR). However, recent studies indicate that evaluations of immune‐related changes are distinct in surgical resected samples from patients treated with immunotherapy. Several clinical trials of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable NSCLC have included the study of biomarkers that can predict the response of therapy and monitor the response to treatment. In this review, we provide relevant information on the current recommendations of the assessment of pathological responses in surgical resected NSCLC tumors treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy, and we describe current and potential biomarkers to predict the benefits of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with resectable NSCLC.
AB - Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy have been used in the perioperative setting of non‐small‐cell carcinoma (NSCLC); however, the five‐year survival rate only improves by about 5%. Neoadjuvant treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become significant due to improved survival in advanced NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy agents. The assessment of pathology response has been proposed as a surrogate indicator of the benefits of neaodjuvant therapy. An outline of recommendations has been published by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) for the evaluation of pathologic response (PR). However, recent studies indicate that evaluations of immune‐related changes are distinct in surgical resected samples from patients treated with immunotherapy. Several clinical trials of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable NSCLC have included the study of biomarkers that can predict the response of therapy and monitor the response to treatment. In this review, we provide relevant information on the current recommendations of the assessment of pathological responses in surgical resected NSCLC tumors treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy, and we describe current and potential biomarkers to predict the benefits of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with resectable NSCLC.
KW - biomarkers
KW - major pathological response
KW - neoadjuvant immunotherapy
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U2 - 10.3390/cancers14112775
DO - 10.3390/cancers14112775
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35681755
AN - SCOPUS:85131207649
SN - 2072-6694
VL - 14
JO - Cancers
JF - Cancers
IS - 11
M1 - 2775
ER -