TY - JOUR
T1 - Peel strength and interfacial characterization of maxillofacial silicone elastomers bonded to titanium
AU - Artopoulou, Ioli Ioanna
AU - Chambers, Mark S.
AU - Zinelis, Spiros
AU - Eliades, George
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/7/1
Y1 - 2016/7/1
N2 - Objectives To investigate the effect of three adhesive primers on the morphology, chemistry and peel bond strength of two maxillofacial silicone elastomers with commercially pure titanium (cpTi). Methods The effect of three primers (PR2:A-304 Primer/A-320 Bonding Enhancer, PR3:Super Bond, and PR4:Super Glue) on cpTi morphology and chemistry were studied by reflected light polarized microscopy (RPOLM) and reflection Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (RFTIRM). For testing the bond strength between two elastomers (EL1:MDX4-4210, EL2:A-2006) and primed cpTi surfaces, a 90° T peel test was performed (PBS), using as reference EL1, EL2 specimens bonded to heat-cured poly(methyl methacrylate) resin (PMMA) primed with A-330G primer (PR1). Failure modes were analyzed under a stereomicroscope, and the percentage of remaining silicone (RS%) on cpTi and PMMA were calculated by image analysis. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) was used to investigate representative failure patterns on cpTi. Data were analyzed with Weibull analysis, ANOVA plus post hoc tests, and Pearson correlation coefficient (a = 0.05). Results Thick-irregular (PR2), thin-smooth (PR3), and uniform-porous (PR4) films were identified on cpTi by RPOLM. RFTIRM revealed: a strong peak of Si-O-Si with a distribution following the outline of the image (PR2); COO-M groups developed, but unevenly distributed (PR3); and reduction in C=C groups due to in situ polymerization (PR4). Following PBS, the ranking of the statistical significant differences in Weibull scale parameter (σ0) of the EL1 group was PMMA-PR1 > cpTi-PR2,cpTi-PR3 > cpTi-PR4, whereas for the EL2 group cpTi-PR2 > PMMA-PR1 > cpTi-PR4,cpTi-PR3. For RS%, the ranking in the EL1 group was: PMMA-PR1 > cpTi-PR2 > cpTi-PR3 > cpTi-PR4, and in the EL2 cpTi-PR2 > cpTi-PR3 > cpTi-PR4,PMMA-PR1. There was no statistically significant correlation between PBS and RS%, with the exception of EL1-PMMA-PR1. In all groups mixed failure modes were found by SEM/EDX. Significance Although there is evidence of bonding with cpTi, there are important differences among the primer/elastomer combination that may affect the clinical performance of these materials.
AB - Objectives To investigate the effect of three adhesive primers on the morphology, chemistry and peel bond strength of two maxillofacial silicone elastomers with commercially pure titanium (cpTi). Methods The effect of three primers (PR2:A-304 Primer/A-320 Bonding Enhancer, PR3:Super Bond, and PR4:Super Glue) on cpTi morphology and chemistry were studied by reflected light polarized microscopy (RPOLM) and reflection Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (RFTIRM). For testing the bond strength between two elastomers (EL1:MDX4-4210, EL2:A-2006) and primed cpTi surfaces, a 90° T peel test was performed (PBS), using as reference EL1, EL2 specimens bonded to heat-cured poly(methyl methacrylate) resin (PMMA) primed with A-330G primer (PR1). Failure modes were analyzed under a stereomicroscope, and the percentage of remaining silicone (RS%) on cpTi and PMMA were calculated by image analysis. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) was used to investigate representative failure patterns on cpTi. Data were analyzed with Weibull analysis, ANOVA plus post hoc tests, and Pearson correlation coefficient (a = 0.05). Results Thick-irregular (PR2), thin-smooth (PR3), and uniform-porous (PR4) films were identified on cpTi by RPOLM. RFTIRM revealed: a strong peak of Si-O-Si with a distribution following the outline of the image (PR2); COO-M groups developed, but unevenly distributed (PR3); and reduction in C=C groups due to in situ polymerization (PR4). Following PBS, the ranking of the statistical significant differences in Weibull scale parameter (σ0) of the EL1 group was PMMA-PR1 > cpTi-PR2,cpTi-PR3 > cpTi-PR4, whereas for the EL2 group cpTi-PR2 > PMMA-PR1 > cpTi-PR4,cpTi-PR3. For RS%, the ranking in the EL1 group was: PMMA-PR1 > cpTi-PR2 > cpTi-PR3 > cpTi-PR4, and in the EL2 cpTi-PR2 > cpTi-PR3 > cpTi-PR4,PMMA-PR1. There was no statistically significant correlation between PBS and RS%, with the exception of EL1-PMMA-PR1. In all groups mixed failure modes were found by SEM/EDX. Significance Although there is evidence of bonding with cpTi, there are important differences among the primer/elastomer combination that may affect the clinical performance of these materials.
KW - Bond strength
KW - FTIR
KW - Maxillofacial silicone elastomer
KW - SEM/EDX
KW - cpTi
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U2 - 10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.024
DO - 10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.024
M3 - Article
C2 - 27118682
AN - SCOPUS:84966549131
SN - 0109-5641
VL - 32
SP - e137-e147
JO - Dental Materials
JF - Dental Materials
IS - 7
ER -