Peritoneal Cavity and Gastrointestinal Tract

The peritoneal cavity is a remarkable organ, consisting of a membrane that covers the lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavity. It reflects over the viscera to form ligaments, mesenterie, and omenta, which in turn provide the supporting network for the organs, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. The peritoneum and its supporting structures provide a physiologic and supporting role, but also can be a means of disease spread. Primary tumors of the peritoneum are rare. Metastasis is more common. Metastasis can spread in the peritoneum via direct spread, intraperitoneal seeding, lymphatic spread, and hematogenous spread. Imaging techniques such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and sonography can help evaluate the peritoneum.