TY - JOUR
T1 - Phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant axitinib in patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma
AU - Karam, Jose A.
AU - Devine, Catherine E.
AU - Urbauer, Diana L.
AU - Lozano, Marisa
AU - Maity, Tapati
AU - Ahrar, Kamran
AU - Tamboli, Pheroze
AU - Tannir, Nizar M.
AU - Wood, Christopher G.
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial disclosures: Christopher G. Wood certifies that all conflicts of interest, including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg, employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, or patents filed, received, or pending), are the following: Jose A. Karam has served as a consultant to Pfizer. Nizar M. Tannir has received research funding from Pfizer and served on its advisory boards. Christopher G. Wood has received research funding from Pfizer and served as a consultant and on its advisory board.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PY - 2014/11/1
Y1 - 2014/11/1
N2 - Background: Previous studies have shown a modest impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on primary renal tumors. Those studies were mostly retrospective or heterogeneous in their eligibility criteria with regard to histology, disease stage, duration of therapy, and time off therapy prior to surgery.Objective: To prospectively investigate the safety and efficacy of axitinib in downsizing tumors in patients with nonmetastatic biopsy-proven clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).Design, setting, and participants: This was a single-institution, single-arm phase 2 clinical trial. Patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic biopsy-proven ccRCC were eligible. Intervention: Patients received axitinib 5 mg for up to 12 wk. Axitinib was continued until 36 h prior to surgery. Patients underwent partial or radical nephrectomy after axitinib therapy.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The primary outcome was objective response rate prior to surgery. Secondary outcomes included safety, tolerability, and quality of life. A dedicated radiologist independently reviewed all computed tomography scans to evaluate for response using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST).Results and limitations: A total of 24 patients were treated. Twenty-two patients continued axitinib for 12 wk; 1 patient continued axitinib for 11 wk and underwent surgery as planned. One patient stopped treatment at 7 wk due to adverse events (AEs). Median reduction of primary renal tumor diameter was 28.3%. Eleven patients experienced a partial response per RECIST; 13 had stable disease. There was no progression of disease while on axitinib. The most common AEs were hypertension, fatigue, oral mucositis, hypothyroidism, and hand-foot syndrome. Postoperatively, 2 grade 3 and 13 grade 2 complications were noted. No grade 4 or 5 complications occurred. Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Kidney Specific Index-15 changed over time, with quality of life worsening while on therapy, but by week 19, it was not statistically different from screening. Limitations include single-arm design and small patient numbers.Conclusions: Axitinib was clinically active and reasonably well tolerated in the neoadjuvant setting in patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic ccRCC.Patient summary: In this prospective clinical trial, we found that axitinib, when given prior to surgery, results in significant shrinking of kidney cancers. Larger studies are needed prior to further clinical use.Trial registration: This clinical trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01263769).
AB - Background: Previous studies have shown a modest impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on primary renal tumors. Those studies were mostly retrospective or heterogeneous in their eligibility criteria with regard to histology, disease stage, duration of therapy, and time off therapy prior to surgery.Objective: To prospectively investigate the safety and efficacy of axitinib in downsizing tumors in patients with nonmetastatic biopsy-proven clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).Design, setting, and participants: This was a single-institution, single-arm phase 2 clinical trial. Patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic biopsy-proven ccRCC were eligible. Intervention: Patients received axitinib 5 mg for up to 12 wk. Axitinib was continued until 36 h prior to surgery. Patients underwent partial or radical nephrectomy after axitinib therapy.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The primary outcome was objective response rate prior to surgery. Secondary outcomes included safety, tolerability, and quality of life. A dedicated radiologist independently reviewed all computed tomography scans to evaluate for response using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST).Results and limitations: A total of 24 patients were treated. Twenty-two patients continued axitinib for 12 wk; 1 patient continued axitinib for 11 wk and underwent surgery as planned. One patient stopped treatment at 7 wk due to adverse events (AEs). Median reduction of primary renal tumor diameter was 28.3%. Eleven patients experienced a partial response per RECIST; 13 had stable disease. There was no progression of disease while on axitinib. The most common AEs were hypertension, fatigue, oral mucositis, hypothyroidism, and hand-foot syndrome. Postoperatively, 2 grade 3 and 13 grade 2 complications were noted. No grade 4 or 5 complications occurred. Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Kidney Specific Index-15 changed over time, with quality of life worsening while on therapy, but by week 19, it was not statistically different from screening. Limitations include single-arm design and small patient numbers.Conclusions: Axitinib was clinically active and reasonably well tolerated in the neoadjuvant setting in patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic ccRCC.Patient summary: In this prospective clinical trial, we found that axitinib, when given prior to surgery, results in significant shrinking of kidney cancers. Larger studies are needed prior to further clinical use.Trial registration: This clinical trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01263769).
KW - Clinical trial
KW - Clinically localized
KW - Neoadjuvant
KW - Renal cell carcinoma
KW - Targeted therapy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84907576435&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84907576435&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.01.035
DO - 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.01.035
M3 - Article
C2 - 24560330
AN - SCOPUS:84907576435
SN - 0302-2838
VL - 66
SP - 874
EP - 880
JO - European urology
JF - European urology
IS - 5
ER -