TY - JOUR
T1 - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cancer
T2 - Role of antioxidative nutraceuticals
AU - Prasad, Sahdeo
AU - Gupta, Subash C.
AU - Tyagi, Amit K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd
PY - 2017/2/28
Y1 - 2017/2/28
N2 - Extensive research over the past half a century indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cancer. Although low levels of ROS can be beneficial, excessive accumulation can promote cancer. One characteristic of cancer cells that distinguishes them from normal cells is their ability to produce increased numbers of ROS and their increased dependence on an antioxidant defense system. ROS are produced as a byproduct intracellularly by mitochondria and other cellular elements and exogenously by pollutants, tobacco, smoke, drugs, xenobiotics, and radiation. ROS modulate various cell signaling pathways, which are primarily mediated through the transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, kinases, growth factors, cytokines and other proteins, and enzymes; these pathways have been linked to cellular transformation, inflammation, tumor survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer. ROS are also associated with epigenetic changes in genes, which is helpful in diagnosing diseases. This review considers the role of ROS in the various stages of cancer development. Finally, we provide evidence that nutraceuticals derived from Mother Nature are highly effective in eliminating cancer cells.
AB - Extensive research over the past half a century indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cancer. Although low levels of ROS can be beneficial, excessive accumulation can promote cancer. One characteristic of cancer cells that distinguishes them from normal cells is their ability to produce increased numbers of ROS and their increased dependence on an antioxidant defense system. ROS are produced as a byproduct intracellularly by mitochondria and other cellular elements and exogenously by pollutants, tobacco, smoke, drugs, xenobiotics, and radiation. ROS modulate various cell signaling pathways, which are primarily mediated through the transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, kinases, growth factors, cytokines and other proteins, and enzymes; these pathways have been linked to cellular transformation, inflammation, tumor survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer. ROS are also associated with epigenetic changes in genes, which is helpful in diagnosing diseases. This review considers the role of ROS in the various stages of cancer development. Finally, we provide evidence that nutraceuticals derived from Mother Nature are highly effective in eliminating cancer cells.
KW - Antioxidant
KW - Cancer
KW - Nutraceuticals
KW - ROS
KW - Transcription factors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84962788149&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84962788149&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.042
DO - 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.042
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27037062
AN - SCOPUS:84962788149
SN - 0304-3835
VL - 387
SP - 95
EP - 105
JO - Cancer Letters
JF - Cancer Letters
ER -