Results with chemotherapy comprised of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone followed by radiotherapy with or without prechemotherapy surgical debulking for patients with bulky, aggressive lymphoma

BACKGROUND. The authors performed a case-control analysis of local control, progression free survival, and overall survival in patients with Stage I-II aggressive lymphomas measuring ≥ 7 cm in greatest dimension who were treated initially with or without surgical debulking: All patients then received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP)-based chemotherapy followed by involved-field radiotherapy. METHODS. From May 1975 through May 1996, 50 patients were treated with (n = 25 patients) or without (n = 25 patients) resection of > 80% of their bulky lymphomas. Chemotherapy consisted of 3-12 cycles of CHOP. In general, patients who underwent debulking received three cycles of chemotherapy, whereas patients who did not undergo debulking received at least six cycles of chemotherapy. The total radiotherapy dose was 40.8 grays (Gy) ± 4.2 Gy (mean ± standard deviation). RESULTS. The median follow-up was 62 months. Patients who underwent debulking were similar prognostically to patients who did not. There was a trend toward improved local control (5-year rates: 96% vs. 80%; P = 0.10) and overall survival (5-year rates: 83% vs. 71%; P = 0.18) in patients who underwent debulking compared with patients who did not, respectively. Progression free survival was significantly better for patients who underwent debulking compared with patients who did not (5-year rates: 88% vs. 62%, respectively; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS. Because this study was retrospective, selection bias may account for the observed difference in progression free survival. Because it is unlikely that a trial randomizing patients with bulky, aggressive lymphoma to surgery will be conducted, the authors' current efforts are focused on escalation of the total radiotherapy dose as a possibly less costly and less morbid approach toward improving progression free survival for these patients.