Safety and efficacy of avapritinib in advanced systemic mastocytosis: the phase 1 EXPLORER trial

Daniel J. DeAngelo, Deepti H. Radia, Tracy I. George, William A. Robinson, Albert T. Quiery, Mark W. Drummond, Prithviraj Bose, Elizabeth O. Hexner, Elliott F. Winton, Hans Peter Horny, Meera Tugnait, Oleg Schmidt-Kittler, Erica K. Evans, Hui Min Lin, Brenton G. Mar, Srdan Verstovsek, Michael W. Deininger, Jason Gotlib

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

72 Scopus citations

Abstract

Advanced systemic mastocytosis (AdvSM) is a rare hematologic neoplasm driven by the KIT D816V mutation and associated with poor survival. This phase 1 study (NCT02561988) evaluated avapritinib (BLU-285), a selective KIT D816V inhibitor, in patients with AdvSM. The primary endpoints were the maximum tolerated dose, recommended phase 2 dose and safety of avapritinib. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate and changes in measures of mast cell burden. Avapritinib was evaluated at doses of 30–400 mg once daily in 86 patients, 69 with centrally confirmed AdvSM. Maximum tolerated dose was not reached, and 200 mg and 300 mg daily were studied in dose-expansion cohorts. The most frequent adverse events observed were periorbital edema (69%), anemia (55%), diarrhea (45%), thrombocytopenia (44%) and nausea (44%). Intracranial bleeding occurred in 13% overall, but in only 1% of patients without severe thrombocytopenia (platelets <50 × 109/l). In 53 response-evaluable patients, the overall response rate was 75%. The complete remission rate was 36%. Avapritinib elicited ≥50% reductions in marrow mast cells and serum tryptase in 92% and 99% of patients, respectively. Avapritinib induced deep and durable responses, including molecular remission of KIT D816V in patients with AdvSM, and was well tolerated at the recommended phase 2 dose of 200 mg daily.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2183-2191
Number of pages9
JournalNature medicine
Volume27
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2021

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

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