TY - JOUR
T1 - Serum levels of insulin growth factor (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein predict risk of second primary tumors in patients with head and neck cancer
AU - Wu, Xifeng
AU - Zhao, Hua
AU - Do, Kim Anh
AU - Johnson, Marcella M.
AU - Dong, Qiong
AU - Hong, Waun Ki
AU - Spitz, Margaret R.
PY - 2004/7/15
Y1 - 2004/7/15
N2 - Purpose: Second primary tumors (SPTs) are a hallmark of head and neck squamaus cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Serum levels of insulin growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been associated with subsequent development of several epithelial cancers in prospective studies. Experimental Design: To examine the role of IGFs in SPT development, we conducted a nested case-control study within a randomized, placebo-controlled chemoprevention trial in patients with early-stage HNSCC. We compared prediagnostic serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in 80 patients who subsequently developed SPTs and 173 controls (patients without SPTs) matched to the cases on age (±5 years), sex, ethnicity, year of randomization, and length of follow-up. Results: The cases exhibited significantly higher levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 than did the controls (P = 0.001 and 0.919, respectively). Elevated IGF-I levels were associated witli a 3.66-fold significantly increased risk of SPT. Lower and higher IGFBP-3 levels were associated with a 2.22- and 7.12-fold significant increased risk, respectively. The median SPT-free time was significantly shorter in patients with higher IGF-I levels than in patients with lower IGF-I levels (P < 0.0001). A similar trend was observed for IGFBP-3 (P = 0.002). Moreover, in the Cox proportional hazards model, higher IGF-I levels were significantly associated with increased risk of SPT with a hazard ratio of 2.78. Patients with the lower and higher IGFBP-3 levels also exhibited significantly increased risks with hazard ratios of 1.65 and 2.17, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating that higher IGF-I levels, and lower and higher IGFBP-3 levels are risk factors for SPT development. Thus, measuring serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels may be useful markers in assessing the risk of second tumors in patients successfully treated for their index cancer.
AB - Purpose: Second primary tumors (SPTs) are a hallmark of head and neck squamaus cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Serum levels of insulin growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been associated with subsequent development of several epithelial cancers in prospective studies. Experimental Design: To examine the role of IGFs in SPT development, we conducted a nested case-control study within a randomized, placebo-controlled chemoprevention trial in patients with early-stage HNSCC. We compared prediagnostic serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in 80 patients who subsequently developed SPTs and 173 controls (patients without SPTs) matched to the cases on age (±5 years), sex, ethnicity, year of randomization, and length of follow-up. Results: The cases exhibited significantly higher levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 than did the controls (P = 0.001 and 0.919, respectively). Elevated IGF-I levels were associated witli a 3.66-fold significantly increased risk of SPT. Lower and higher IGFBP-3 levels were associated with a 2.22- and 7.12-fold significant increased risk, respectively. The median SPT-free time was significantly shorter in patients with higher IGF-I levels than in patients with lower IGF-I levels (P < 0.0001). A similar trend was observed for IGFBP-3 (P = 0.002). Moreover, in the Cox proportional hazards model, higher IGF-I levels were significantly associated with increased risk of SPT with a hazard ratio of 2.78. Patients with the lower and higher IGFBP-3 levels also exhibited significantly increased risks with hazard ratios of 1.65 and 2.17, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating that higher IGF-I levels, and lower and higher IGFBP-3 levels are risk factors for SPT development. Thus, measuring serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels may be useful markers in assessing the risk of second tumors in patients successfully treated for their index cancer.
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U2 - 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0762
DO - 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0762
M3 - Article
C2 - 15217929
AN - SCOPUS:3042673048
SN - 1078-0432
VL - 10
SP - 3988
EP - 3995
JO - Clinical Cancer Research
JF - Clinical Cancer Research
IS - 12 I
ER -