The essence of R in head and neck cancer: Role of radiomics and radiogenomics from a radiation oncology perspective

Advances in conventional and novel imaging technologies have been witnessed in the field of radiation oncology, encompassing diagnostic and radiation treatment planning and delivery. These advances have been coupled with a boost in quantitative imaging analytics and machine learning-based approaches for developing imaging biomarkers for classification and prognostication, or ‘radiomics. Meanwhile’, great strides were made to characterize molecular phenotypes in a way that reflect genomic basis of intracellular processes. This led to the next milestone of ‘radiogenomics’. Radiomics and radiogenomics have been investigated in the head and neck cancer domain and shown to hold great potential, along with some limitations in clinical decision support applications, as detailed in this chapter.