The evolving role of proteomics in the early detection of breast cancer

There has been emerging interest in the examination of tumor protein expression (proteomics) as a means to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets in women with breast cancer. Specifically, several investigators have examined biological fluids (serum and breast ductal fluid) and breast tissue in an attempt to detect novel proteomic profiles in women with breast carcinoma. The current tools of proteomic research are evolving, but include two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Initial studies have identified several unique biomarkers and proteomic profiles that were able to discriminate between non-cancer and breast cancer patients. In the future, the application of large-scale proteomic technology may provide a means of early detection, surveillance, and identification of potential therapeutic targets.