TY - JOUR
T1 - The immunotherapy revolution in kidney cancer treatment
T2 - Scientific rationale and first-generation results
AU - Hasanov, Elshad
AU - Gao, Jianjun
AU - Tannir, Nizar M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/9/1
Y1 - 2020/9/1
N2 - The recent discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment, including the treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Following the eras of cytokines and molecularly targeted therapies including vascular endothelial growth factor-directed agents and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, ICIs have become the latest addition to the RCC armamentarium. To understand the scientific rationale behind this revolution in RCC treatment, we have reviewed the fundamental discoveries underlying the transition from old (cytokines) to new (ICIs) immunotherapies. We summarize the pivotal trials (CheckMate 025, CheckMate 214, KEYNOTE-426, JAVELIN Renal 101, IMmotion151) of checkpoint inhibitors for clear cell RCC in various treatment settings. With the availability of many different combination therapies and many more currently under investigation, clear cell RCC treatment is becoming more complex. Patient preferences, disease volumes, and adverse event profiles are essential in determining which option is the best for an individual patient. In the future, biomarkers currently under development could guide these treatment decisions.
AB - The recent discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment, including the treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Following the eras of cytokines and molecularly targeted therapies including vascular endothelial growth factor-directed agents and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, ICIs have become the latest addition to the RCC armamentarium. To understand the scientific rationale behind this revolution in RCC treatment, we have reviewed the fundamental discoveries underlying the transition from old (cytokines) to new (ICIs) immunotherapies. We summarize the pivotal trials (CheckMate 025, CheckMate 214, KEYNOTE-426, JAVELIN Renal 101, IMmotion151) of checkpoint inhibitors for clear cell RCC in various treatment settings. With the availability of many different combination therapies and many more currently under investigation, clear cell RCC treatment is becoming more complex. Patient preferences, disease volumes, and adverse event profiles are essential in determining which option is the best for an individual patient. In the future, biomarkers currently under development could guide these treatment decisions.
KW - Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
KW - immune checkpoint inhibitors
KW - immunotherapy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091324157&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85091324157&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000471
DO - 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000471
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32947310
AN - SCOPUS:85091324157
SN - 1528-9117
VL - 26
SP - 419
EP - 431
JO - Cancer Journal (United States)
JF - Cancer Journal (United States)
IS - 5
ER -