TY - JOUR
T1 - The RadScopal Technique as an Immune Adjuvant to Treat Cancer
AU - Barsoumian, Hampartsoum B.
AU - Hsu, Jerry
AU - Nanez, Selene
AU - Hu, Yun
AU - Hsu, Ethan Y.
AU - Riad, Thomas S.
AU - Puebla-Osorio, Nahum
AU - Angelica Cortez, Maria
AU - Welsh, James
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - Since the momentous discovery of X-rays, high-dose radiotherapy (H-XRT) has been a cornerstone for combating cancer. The high-energy electromagnetic waves induce direct damage to tumor-cells’ DNA, thereby halting cell growth and proliferation, and eventually leading to tumor eradication. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that H-XRT may have immunomodulatory properties which arise from its ability to induce the release of neoantigens, which in turn prime T-cells and contribute to T-cell repertoire diversity. Throughout the years, there have been different treatment modalities introduced as complements to H-XRT that have yielded greater results than monotherapy alone. In this review, we will discuss preclinical and clinical data related to the recently introduced low-dose radiotherapy (L-XRT) modality. We will also explore the justification for combining L-XRT and H-XRT, which became known as the “RadScopal Technique”, as a novel immune adjuvant to treat cancer. In this analysis, we detail and dissect the physiological mechanisms of action of each modality and describe the synergistic amalgamation effect observed on primary and metastatic tumors. Finally, we will explore the impetus for further studies to investigate combinations of the “RadScopal Technique” with various immune-oncology drug candidates.
AB - Since the momentous discovery of X-rays, high-dose radiotherapy (H-XRT) has been a cornerstone for combating cancer. The high-energy electromagnetic waves induce direct damage to tumor-cells’ DNA, thereby halting cell growth and proliferation, and eventually leading to tumor eradication. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that H-XRT may have immunomodulatory properties which arise from its ability to induce the release of neoantigens, which in turn prime T-cells and contribute to T-cell repertoire diversity. Throughout the years, there have been different treatment modalities introduced as complements to H-XRT that have yielded greater results than monotherapy alone. In this review, we will discuss preclinical and clinical data related to the recently introduced low-dose radiotherapy (L-XRT) modality. We will also explore the justification for combining L-XRT and H-XRT, which became known as the “RadScopal Technique”, as a novel immune adjuvant to treat cancer. In this analysis, we detail and dissect the physiological mechanisms of action of each modality and describe the synergistic amalgamation effect observed on primary and metastatic tumors. Finally, we will explore the impetus for further studies to investigate combinations of the “RadScopal Technique” with various immune-oncology drug candidates.
KW - immunotherapy
KW - radiotherapy
KW - RadScopal
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85175311409&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85175311409&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/immuno3010006
DO - 10.3390/immuno3010006
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85175311409
SN - 2673-5601
VL - 3
SP - 74
EP - 85
JO - Immuno
JF - Immuno
IS - 1
ER -