TY - JOUR
T1 - Therapy-resistant cancer stem cells have differing sensitivity to photon versus proton beam radiation
AU - Zhang, Xiaochun
AU - Lin, Steven H.
AU - Fang, Bingliang
AU - Gillin, Michael
AU - Mohan, Radhe
AU - Chang, Joe Y.
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support was provided by Radiology Society of North America Research Scholar Award (to JYC), Career Development Award from The University of Texas Lung Cancer Specialized Programs of Research Excellence grant from the National Cancer Institute (to JYC), National Cancer Institute grants RO1 CA 092487 and RO1 CA 098582 (to BF), and National Institutes of Health Cancer Center Core Grant CA 16672. This research was supported in part by P01-CA021239 from the National Cancer Institute. MD Anderson Cancer Center is supported by the National Institutes of Health through grant CA16672.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in non-small-cell lung cancer recurrence and metastasis. We sought to determine whether CSC-like cells respond differentially to proton and photon beam therapies. Methods: CSC-enriched cells from paclitaxel-resistant human H460 and A549 cell lines were irradiated with the same relative biological effectiveness dose and analyzed for cell viability, clonogenic survival, apoptosis, cell migration, cell invasiveness, tumor sphere formation, and CSC markers. The intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured before and after irradiation. Results: Compared with photons, protons caused significantly lower cell viability in chemoresistant cells and, in CSC-like cells, significantly lower clonogenic survival, invasiveness, and number of tumor spheres; less migration and CSC markers (coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, β-catenin, and side population cells); more apoptosis; and higher ROS level. CSC-like cells contained less than half the ROS levels of parental cancer cells or normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Conclusions: CSC-like cells may be more sensitive to irradiation with protons than photons. The increased sensitivity could be caused by the greater ROS generated by protons. Because chemoresistant CSCs play an important role in tumor recurrence, protons may be more effective than photons in eliminating recurrent or persistent non-small-cell lung cancer.
AB - Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in non-small-cell lung cancer recurrence and metastasis. We sought to determine whether CSC-like cells respond differentially to proton and photon beam therapies. Methods: CSC-enriched cells from paclitaxel-resistant human H460 and A549 cell lines were irradiated with the same relative biological effectiveness dose and analyzed for cell viability, clonogenic survival, apoptosis, cell migration, cell invasiveness, tumor sphere formation, and CSC markers. The intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured before and after irradiation. Results: Compared with photons, protons caused significantly lower cell viability in chemoresistant cells and, in CSC-like cells, significantly lower clonogenic survival, invasiveness, and number of tumor spheres; less migration and CSC markers (coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, β-catenin, and side population cells); more apoptosis; and higher ROS level. CSC-like cells contained less than half the ROS levels of parental cancer cells or normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Conclusions: CSC-like cells may be more sensitive to irradiation with protons than photons. The increased sensitivity could be caused by the greater ROS generated by protons. Because chemoresistant CSCs play an important role in tumor recurrence, protons may be more effective than photons in eliminating recurrent or persistent non-small-cell lung cancer.
KW - Cancer stem cells
KW - Non-small-cell lung cancer
KW - Photon therapy
KW - Proton therapy
KW - Treatment resistance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84892181847&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84892181847&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3182a5fdcb
DO - 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3182a5fdcb
M3 - Article
C2 - 24389430
AN - SCOPUS:84892181847
SN - 1556-0864
VL - 8
SP - 1484
EP - 1491
JO - Journal of Thoracic Oncology
JF - Journal of Thoracic Oncology
IS - 12
ER -