TY - JOUR
T1 - Total Neoadjuvant Therapy Versus Standard Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
T2 - A Comparison of Short-and Long-Term Oncologic Outcomes
AU - Goffredo, Paolo
AU - Khan, Adil
AU - Mott, Sarah L.
AU - Jensen, Christine C.
AU - Madoff, Robert D.
AU - Gaertner, Wolfgang B.
AU - You, Y. Nancy
AU - Hassan, Imran
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/12/1
Y1 - 2022/12/1
N2 - Objective: To evaluate the impact of neoadjuvant multi-Agent systemic chemotherapy and radiation (TNT) vs neoadjuvant single-Agent chemoradiation (nCRT) and multi-Agent adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival (OS), tumor downstaging, and circumferential resection margin (CRM) status in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Summary of Background Data: Outside of clinical trials and small institutional reports, there is a paucity of data regarding the short and long-Term oncologic impact of TNT as compared to nCRT. Methods: Adult patients with stage II-III rectal adenocarcinoma were identified in the National Cancer Database [2006-2015]. Results: Out of 8,548 patients, 36% received TNT and 64% nCRT. In the cohort, 13% had a pCR and 20% a neoadjuvant rectal (NAR) score <8. In multivariable analysis, as compared to nCRT, TNT demonstrated numerically higher pCR rates (P = 0.05) but had similar incidence of positive CRM (P = 0.11). Similar results were observed with NAR scores <8 as the primary endpoint. After adjusting for confounders, OS was comparable between the 2 groups. Additional factors independently associated with lower OS included male gender, uninsured status, low income status, high comorbidity score, poorly differentiated tumors, abdominoperineal resection, and positive surgical margins (all P <0.01). In separate models, both pCR and a NAR score <8 were associated with improved OS. Conclusion: In this national cohort, TNT was not associated with better survival and/or CRM negative status in comparison with nCRT, despite numerically higher downstaging rates. Further refinement of patient selection and treatment regimens are needed to establish effective neoadjuvant platforms to improve outcomes of patients with rectal cancer.
AB - Objective: To evaluate the impact of neoadjuvant multi-Agent systemic chemotherapy and radiation (TNT) vs neoadjuvant single-Agent chemoradiation (nCRT) and multi-Agent adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival (OS), tumor downstaging, and circumferential resection margin (CRM) status in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Summary of Background Data: Outside of clinical trials and small institutional reports, there is a paucity of data regarding the short and long-Term oncologic impact of TNT as compared to nCRT. Methods: Adult patients with stage II-III rectal adenocarcinoma were identified in the National Cancer Database [2006-2015]. Results: Out of 8,548 patients, 36% received TNT and 64% nCRT. In the cohort, 13% had a pCR and 20% a neoadjuvant rectal (NAR) score <8. In multivariable analysis, as compared to nCRT, TNT demonstrated numerically higher pCR rates (P = 0.05) but had similar incidence of positive CRM (P = 0.11). Similar results were observed with NAR scores <8 as the primary endpoint. After adjusting for confounders, OS was comparable between the 2 groups. Additional factors independently associated with lower OS included male gender, uninsured status, low income status, high comorbidity score, poorly differentiated tumors, abdominoperineal resection, and positive surgical margins (all P <0.01). In separate models, both pCR and a NAR score <8 were associated with improved OS. Conclusion: In this national cohort, TNT was not associated with better survival and/or CRM negative status in comparison with nCRT, despite numerically higher downstaging rates. Further refinement of patient selection and treatment regimens are needed to establish effective neoadjuvant platforms to improve outcomes of patients with rectal cancer.
KW - complete pathologic response
KW - downstaging
KW - neoadjuvant rectal score
KW - rectal cancer
KW - survival
KW - total neoadjuvant treatment
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U2 - 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005141
DO - 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005141
M3 - Article
C2 - 34353995
AN - SCOPUS:85141894805
SN - 0003-4932
VL - 276
SP - E819-E824
JO - Annals of surgery
JF - Annals of surgery
IS - 6
ER -