Treatment of locoregionally advanced breast cancer with surgery, radiotherapy, and combination chemoimmunotherapy

Fifty-two patients with locally advanced primary breast cancer (T₃, T₄, N₂, N₃) but no evidence of distant metastases were treated with three cycles of combination chemotherapy. The regimen consisted of 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (FAC-BCG) followed by local therapy (simple mastectomy and/or radiotherapy to the breast/cbest wall and the regional lymphatic system) and adjuvant chemotherapy for two full years. The results were compared with those in an historical control group of 52 patients matched for initial stage of disease who were treated by a simple mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy only. Forty-nine (94%) of 52 FAC-treated patients and 48 (92%) of the control patients became free of clinically detectable disease. At the median follow-up time of 56 months, 37.5% of the FAC-treated patients and 19.5% of the control patients had remained free of disease. FAC-treated patients who completed 2 years of therapy and in whom adjuvant chemotherapy was started promptly after local treatment had a 48% disease-free survival rate of 4 years. In those in whom the initial manifestation was supraclavicular hivolvement, the estimated 5-year disease-free survival rate was 42 % for patients treated with FAC and 9% for control patients. There were local recurrences in 25% of FAC-treated patients and 23% of control patients (not sigidfncant). Distant metastases developed in 50% of FAC-treated patients and 77% of control patients (p < 0.01). The median disease-free interval was 25 months in the FAC-treated group and 11 months in the control group (p = 0.025). The greatest improvement in prognosis was in patients with supraclavicuiar involvement; the median disease-free survival was 26 months in FAC-treated patients and 6 months in the control group (p = 0.007). This multimodal approach effectively renders the majority of patients with locoregionally advanced breast cancer free of disease and prolongs the disease-free survival period.