TY - JOUR
T1 - Tumor necrosis factor α
T2 - A multifaceted peptide hormone
AU - Rosenblum, M. G.
AU - Donato, N. J.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2004 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1989
Y1 - 1989
N2 - Homeostasis at the cellular level appears to be a complex state of equilibrium derived, in part, from multiple interactions among lymphokines, cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) secreted by mitogen-stimulated macrophages and lymphotoxin (LT, TNF-β) produced by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes are two peptide hormones that share considerable homology in amino acid sequence and biological action. It has become increasingly evident that these factors, primarily involved in host defense, also mediate some responses to inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic disease states. TNF-α is a low molecular weight (17,000-kdalton) peptide which seems to have a remarkably broad range of biological and immunologic effects, including antiviral action, growth regulation, and immunomodulation. These effects are shared by other lymphokines and cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), interferon α (IFN-α), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and TNF-β. TNF-α also demonstrates both positive and negative cooperative growth-regulatory effects alone and in combination with antitumor drugs as well as other bioactive peptides. Clinical trials are currently under way to determine the effectiveness of TNF-α as a single agent and in combination with biologic and chemotherapeutic agents against a variety of neoplastic diseases in man.
AB - Homeostasis at the cellular level appears to be a complex state of equilibrium derived, in part, from multiple interactions among lymphokines, cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) secreted by mitogen-stimulated macrophages and lymphotoxin (LT, TNF-β) produced by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes are two peptide hormones that share considerable homology in amino acid sequence and biological action. It has become increasingly evident that these factors, primarily involved in host defense, also mediate some responses to inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic disease states. TNF-α is a low molecular weight (17,000-kdalton) peptide which seems to have a remarkably broad range of biological and immunologic effects, including antiviral action, growth regulation, and immunomodulation. These effects are shared by other lymphokines and cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), interferon α (IFN-α), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and TNF-β. TNF-α also demonstrates both positive and negative cooperative growth-regulatory effects alone and in combination with antitumor drugs as well as other bioactive peptides. Clinical trials are currently under way to determine the effectiveness of TNF-α as a single agent and in combination with biologic and chemotherapeutic agents against a variety of neoplastic diseases in man.
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M3 - Review article
C2 - 2539946
AN - SCOPUS:0024445459
SN - 1040-8401
VL - 9
SP - 21
EP - 44
JO - Critical reviews in immunology
JF - Critical reviews in immunology
IS - 1
ER -